NAADF: Globally Illuminated Voxel Worlds Accelerated with Nested Axis-Aligned Distance Fields

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dc.contributor.authorUlschmid, Annalena
dc.contributor.authorMacho, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorOtt, Marvin
dc.contributor.authorWimmer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorOhrhallinger, Stefan
dc.contributor.editorMasia, Belen
dc.contributor.editorThies, Justus
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-21T06:24:14Z
dc.date.available2026-04-21T06:24:14Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractAchieving realistic rendering of 3D scenes in real time using path tracing is challenging due to the high sample count required, with ray tracing as the bottleneck. Focusing on voxels as a geometry representation offers significant opportunities for optimizations, especially for tracing the rays. We propose a multilayered spatial structure augmented with in-cell axis-aligned distance fields (AADF) operating as caches. Our nested cell structure accelerates ray tracing 3–5× compared to dense spatial structures such as directed acyclic graphs. Using AADFs constructed while rendering inside the cells doubles ray throughput again. As an application, nested AADFs allow doubling the speed of global illumination computations while reducing artifacts such as flickering, blurring, ghosting, and aliasing. We adapt temporal antialiasing to retain the last 32 frames rather than a single history buffer to generate the final image. Global illumination sampling is optimized by compressing and separating lit and unlit samples and applying spatial resampling using a reservoir-based spatiotemporal importance resampling method (ReSTIR). Our NAADF structure supports editing with fast updates, overlays of dynamic geometry, and extensions for transform-aware compression or large-scale scans.
dc.description.number2
dc.description.sectionheadersStructured for Speed: Spatial Representations for Real-Time Rendering
dc.description.seriesinformationComputer Graphics Forum
dc.description.volume45
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/cgf.70413
dc.identifier.issn1467-8659
dc.identifier.pages14 pages
dc.identifier.urihttps://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.1111/cgf70413
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70413
dc.publisherThe Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
dc.rightsCC-BY-4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectRay tracing
dc.subjectVolumetric models
dc.titleNAADF: Globally Illuminated Voxel Worlds Accelerated with Nested Axis-Aligned Distance Fields
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