Splat-based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Polychromatic Modeling

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dc.contributor.authorChoi, Kiseok
dc.contributor.authorKim, Inchul
dc.contributor.authorCho, Jaemin
dc.contributor.authorCho, Hyeongjun
dc.contributor.authorKim, Min H.
dc.contributor.editorMasia, Belen
dc.contributor.editorThies, Justus
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-17T10:08:49Z
dc.date.available2026-04-17T10:08:49Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables volumetric reconstruction from X-ray projections, but suffers from severe artifacts-especially beam hardening-when imaging materials with high attenuation such as metals. These artifacts arise from the polychromatic nature of X-rays and are not properly addressed by conventional monochromatic reconstruction algorithms. While recent neural representation-based methods offer improved reconstruction quality, they are computationally expensive and often impractical for deployment. We propose a novel physics-inspired, self-calibrating metal artifact reduction method that efficiently reconstructs 3D CBCT volumes while correcting beam hardening artifacts. Our method integrates a polychromatic X-ray projection model, material-dependent attenuation profiles, and system response modeling into a Gaussian Splatting framework. Unlike prior work, we eliminate the need for manual metal masks or strong prior assumptions, and we optimize both reconstruction parameters and X-ray spectral characteristics jointly during training. We further introduce a high-fidelity synthetic CBCT dataset generation pipeline validated on Monte-Carlo x-ray simulation toolbox and release new datasets with severe metal-induced artifacts to support the community. This is the first splat-based method for reducing beam hardening in CBCT. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in artifact suppression and reconstruction accuracy.
dc.description.number2
dc.description.sectionheadersAdvancing 3D Gaussian Splatting
dc.description.seriesinformationComputer Graphics Forum
dc.description.volume45
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/cgf.70339
dc.identifier.issn1467-8659
dc.identifier.pages11 pages
dc.identifier.urihttps://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.1111/cgf70339
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70339
dc.publisherThe Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
dc.rightsCC-BY-4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectSocial and professional topics → Medical technologies
dc.subjectComputing methodologies → Reconstruction
dc.subjectVolumetric models
dc.titleSplat-based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Polychromatic Modeling
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