Track 05 – Analysis and Interpretation

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https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/3607222

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Solar Panels on Historic Roofs? A Digital Tool for Assessing Sensitive Roof Areas
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Loeper, Yasmin; Palmen, Christoph; Gerke, Markus; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The approval of solar installations on the roofs of listed buildings is a challenge that requires extensive knowledge of the building's roofing materiality, construction and cultural significance. The Lower Saxony State Office for Heritage Preservation (NLD) is leading an interdisciplinary research project with the Institute for Geodesy and Photogrammetry at the Technische Universtität Braunschweig (IGP) to develop a Lower Saxony-wide heritage roof cadastre which enables an initial assessment of the suitability of roofs. The project focuses on creating tools that analyze and evaluate roofs based on their solar potential, roof material, geometry, and visibility in public space. The results can be made publicly accessible by integration into Lower Saxony's geographic information system. This should assist local preservation authorities and those involved in planning to ensure an appropriate and sustainable development of listed buildings in the future.
Outside the Wall: Some Applications of TagLab for Semantic Segmentation in Archaeological Practice
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Ronchi, Diego; Virgilio, Elisabetta Di; Mele, Samira; Lombardi, Matteo; Ferdani, Daniele; Dininno, Domenica; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
Imaging techniques have a long history in archeology, from the ruins depicted during the Grand Tour to today's large-scale photogrammetric surveys. Orthophotos generated with photogrammetry are currently extensively used in archeology: a key challenge in this new documentation paradigm lies in the semantic segmentation of such pixel matrices, a process increasingly aided by Machine Learning. This paper focuses on TagLab, an open-source tool originally developed for marine biology that has proven to be extremely versatile in archeological practice. More specifically, this paper aims to expand the use of the software in the Cultural Heritage field and explore its applicability for cost estimation on ancient construction sites, archeological excavations, ceramic thin sections and fragmentary painting documentation.
HBIM Modelling Techniques Applied to Gothic Architecture: Insights from the Founder's Chapel at the Monastery of Batalha
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Sugiyama, Gabriel; Rodrigues, Hugo; Rodrigues, Fernanda; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) emerged as a pivotal tool for documenting and preserving built heritage, yet practitioners face significant challenges in selecting optimal modelling approaches for complex historic structures. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of HBIM modelling techniques applied to the Founder's Chapel of the Monastery of Batalha (Monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória), a masterpiece of Portuguese Late Gothic architecture. Through a systematic analysis of three distinct modelling techniques - parametric modelling, NURBS modelling, and mesh-based reconstruction - this work evaluates their effectiveness in capturing the chapel's intricate architectural elements, focussing on its vaults. The research employed point cloud data obtained using terrestrial laser scanning as the basis for modelling. The comparative assessment focused on three key parameters: geometric accuracy, time efficiency, and model flexibility. The results indicate that parametric modelling offers the possibility to establish relations to the surrounding architectural elements and a high degree of adaptability, NURBS modelling provides geometrically accurate surfaces through mathematically defined curves and control points, while mesh representation provides exceptional fidelity in documentation. This study demonstrates that the most effective strategy for comprehensive documentation incorporates parametric modelling as the foundation within HBIM frameworks, complemented by the remaining techniques according to the model's purpose. This integrated approach harnesses the distinctive strengths of each method while counterbalancing their respective limitations, resulting in a more complete digital representation of the built heritage. The results suggest that the choice of modelling approach should be driven by project-specific requirements rather than technical preferences, with particular consideration given to the intended use of the model. The results provide valuable information for heritage professionals in selecting appropriate HBIM modelling strategies, while also highlighting the need for improved interoperability between complementary approaches.
Advancing Armenian Inscription Recognition
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Nersesian, Gevorg; Sarvazyan, Narine; Khachatryan, Suren; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
Armenian monuments are rich in carved stone inscriptions. These inscriptions serve as vital records of cultural and linguistic heritage, offering insights into the lives, beliefs, and traditions of Armenians during the Middle ages. However, detecting and comprehending these inscriptions pose significant challenges. Due to weathering, vandalism, erosion, and the complexity of ancient scripts, many of these texts remain unreadable. Yet, the few existing studies indicate that deciphering these messages from the past is feasible with technological advancements. In the present project we study a unique, newly created and unex- plored collection of digital twins of Armenian tapanakars (tombstones) and khachkars (cross-stones) focusing on hierarchical segmentation of the images using the detected geometrical and statistical features. The results are applied to character classi- fication and the accuracy of the generated images is estimated. Since the detection stage of the algorithm is universal for any kind of shapes, it opens up new research avenues that extend beyond text recognition alone. The same pipeline can be adapted to identify decorative motifs, geometric symbols, and other visual patterns commonly found on tapanakar surfaces.
From Scanned Pages to Semantic Graphs: Scalable Methods for Extracting Historical and Cultural Knowledge Across Heterogeneous Texts
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Malak, Piotr; Letowska, Agnieszka; Wodzinski, Jan; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
We present a multilayered methodology for processing digitized historical texts, enabling cross-relational analysis across time periods, languages, and subject domains. Drawing from multiple DH platforms (Tsadikim, Two Enlightenments, Corporeality), we demonstrate an integrated pipeline combining adaptive OCR, noise-tolerant keyword extraction, and NER. Custom preprocessing and fuzzy matching techniques allow for meaningful text recovery from degraded scans in Polish, German, and Yiddish. Data are enriched with spatial and temporal metadata, indexed by topic and linked across projects. The resulting datasets support trend analysis, social network modeling, and discourse mapping. Our approach enables researchers to trace linguistic shifts and intellectual networks over centuries without manual review of source pages. This workflow facilitates interoperable exploration of cultural data and demonstrates how machine learning can assist in recovering semantic relationships from fragmented historical records. The methodology was tested on Enlightenment-era and early 20th-century journals, revealing both technical challenges and insights into evolving ideological, medical, and theological vocabularies.
Preserving the Sacred In Situ: A Scalable Model for Hybrid Religious Heritage Documentation
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Schenkel, Arnaud; Muyle, Carla; Guillaume, Henry-Louis; Reyniers, Jeroen; Henderiks, Valentine; Vercruysse, Lowie; Janssens, Koen; Debeir, Olivier; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
An interdisciplinary approach underpins the PaReS project (Painted Relic Shrines in Situ), which explores medieval painted reliquary shrines preserved in situ in Belgian churches. Combining high-resolution 3D photogrammetry, non-invasive scientific imaging (IRR, X-ray, MA-XRF), physically based rendering (PBR), art historical and archival reasearch, the project documents and analyses these fragile, hybrid heritage objects situated at the intersection of materiality, devotion, and historical memory. A methodological contribution lies in the integration of three complementary domains-historical documentation, digital acquisition, and scientific analysis-into a reproducible, site-specific protocol. This framework has already revealed material and stylistic transformations over time. For instance, modelling of the Shrine of St Eucherius indicated phased construction, while IRR findings on the Shrine of St Livinus challenge its conventional dating. By making data accessible via open-access platform and engaging students and local communities, PaReS combines academic rigour with public outreach. Its workflow offers a transferable model for the documentation and conservation of sacred heritage.
Procezo: Data Processing Services for 3D Analytics
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Gosti, Giorgio; Menconero, Sofia; Amadei, Chiara Florise; Fanini, Bruno; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The recent spread of metaverse technologies has propelled the digitalization of cultural heritage, particularly the production of 3D models of historical artifacts and sites. This context presents new challenges and opportunities, among these arises the possibility of investigating the design of public engagement and cultural dissemination initiatives through the analytical study of user behavior. With this objective, we developed Procezo, a modular data analysis suite that facilitates the processing and aggregation of user experience data via an easy-to-use web interface, specifically engineered for cultural heritage applications. Indeed, with immersive XR devices, motion-tracking tools, sensors, and online web applications, we can easily record users' experiences in virtual or real environments. From these recorded experiences, with Procezo's specifically developed web-based analytics, we may obtain crucial insights into user interaction patterns. Procezo is part of a larger pilot developed under the H2IOSC project named ''Interlumo''. The pilot is divided into three stages: data capture (Kapto), data processing (Procezo), and data inspection (Merkhet). These stages are based on a strong modular design, both at the logical and software levels. The logical separation allows the implementation of these stages together or separately, and the software separation allows us to run the stages on separate dedicated servers. This modularity allows for greater reuse and scalability. We demonstrate the application of Procezo in data cleaning and preprocessing protocols, as well as its implementation for machine learning (ML) algorithms for pattern discovery, specifically through kernel density estimation (KDE), a reliable non-parametric density estimation methodology. Our implementation is based on a graphical web interface that allows analysts to share and compare different machine learning (ML) pipelines. The presented suite improves the quality and efficiency of the analysis process and enables collaboration between domain and analytics experts. Under the H2IOSC project, we assess Procezo on visitors' experiences exploring a virtual reproduction of Cerveteri Etruscan Tomb, which were captured during remote public exhibits and dissemination events. This approach can be easily applied to several case studies, ranging from interactive installations, to online applications, with the objective of accelerating the detection of interaction patterns.
Innovative Approaches through 3D Survey and Virtual Technologies for the Geometric and Semantic Fruition of Built Heritage Sites on the Web
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Aricò, Manuela; Cherif, Souhir; Guardia, Marcello La; Brutto, Mauro Lo; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
Nowadays recent advances in Geomatics and Computer Science led specialists to explore new methodologies for the preservation and valorization of Built Heritage (BH). In fact, if on one hand the preservation of monumental complexes needs to remotely manage virtual representations of the real environments to be preserved, on the other hand the valorization allows visitors to virtually explore BH sites in remote, thanks to the spread of web technologies. The main challenges about the virtual fruition of BH sites are related to the management of 3D big data digitized geometries and the requirement for property software-based solutions. This work explores a possible strategy, based on open-source technologies for the web fruition of 3D geometric and semantic information of BH sites from 3D digitization. The first results of this research are related to the cloister of the Cathedral of Cefalù (Italy), which represents a classic example of a BH site that, for its extraordinary importance and its state of preservation, could benefit from the application of virtual technologies for conservation and fruition purposes. The work describes the acquisition of the 3D geometric dataset through laser scanner and photogrammetric surveys, its optimisation, and the design of a web-based platform for the fruition online of 3D geometric and semantic information. The web navigation system was developed through Three.js JavaScript WebGL libraries, inside a HTML5 compliant environment, connected in real-time to Postgres Relational Database Management System through the activation of a Python module in an Anaconda platform. In this way, the geometric information, hosted by the WebGL environment, was connected in real-time to the semantic information stored in the database. This system represents a prototypical structure for the future development of a full platform for the web exploration and management of BH sites developed with low-cost technologies and useful for a large variety of stakeholders (from municipalities to private companies) who manage BH sites.
Digital Exploration of the Hydrosystems of the Haut Adour (French Pyrenees)
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Gherdevich, Davide; Costa, Laurent; Mermet, Eric; Cerbelaud, Fabien; Desplain, Aurelia; Sabatier, Richard; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
This research focuses on identifying hydrosystems in the Haut-Adour region of the Pyrenees (France), including lakes, streams, canals, and ancient water infrastructure. These elements reveal long-term human and animal use of the mountain landscape, shaped by cycles of occupation and abandonment. Using digital tools like IGN orthophotos and high-resolution LiDAR, the team developed a method to map and analyze these systems. Fieldwork, drone imagery, and 3D scanning further supported the study, which highlights the evolving relationship between societies and their environment in the face of social and climate change.
An Open-Source Workflow for Handwritten Character Recognition
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Imboden, Silvano; Guidazzoli, Antonella; Cardano, Giorgia; Mattei, Luca; Andrucci, Federico; Shemek, Deanna; Pansini, Rossella; Albertin, Fauzia; Liguori, Maria Chiara; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The rich manuscript heritage of Italy, preserved in archives and libraries, is becoming increasingly accessible to a wider audience through dedicated digitization initiatives. However, the interpretation of these manuscripts often proves challenging due to several factors: the linguistic complexity of medieval Latin, the early development of vernacular languages, the continuous evolution of handwriting styles, and the extensive use of abbreviation systems devised to conserve space on costly materials such as parchment and paper. The Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools can significantly boost the last step of the digitization process: the transcription. In particular, the advent of the Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) technology enables recognition and processing of handwritten text. However, as with all AI tools - especially in the domain of handwritten texts and, more broadly, in the Humanities, training and fine-tuning is required. To support Digital Humanists in tailoring these powerful tools to specific needs - i.e. transcribing different handwriting styles - a Human-AI collaboration approach has been adopted to develop a collaborative web application, named HCR WORKFLOW, designed for the creation of ground-truth data for AI-based manuscript transcription. The platform is composed by a toolkit for document layout analysis based on Neural Networks for text line recognition (P2PaLA), an image Transformer encoder and an autoregressive text Transformer decoder for single-line transcription (TrOCR). This integrated system guides and assists Digital Humanists throughout the entire process - from digitization to transcription supervision. For this study, the platform was used to fine-tune TrOCR on the humanistic script, and in particular to create the ground truth basing on the Copialettere (Letterbooks) of Isabella d'Este and the letters of Lucrezia Borgia. This research paper will discuss in detail the HCR WORKFLOW platform,the dataset used, the approach to create a AI-oriented transcription, and the results of the fine-tuning of the AI tool for manuscript transcription.
Voxels for Finite Element Analysis of Cultural Heritage objects
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Barsanti, Sara Gonizzi; Elefante, Erika; Nappi, Ernesto; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The paper aims at presenting a study on the integration of thermographic data with 3D models for the predictive analysis of possible degradation of wooden furniture due to changing in temperature and humidity. The project is done in collaboration with the Royal Palace of Caserta, a UNESCO site that preserve a huge, majestic collection of ancient furniture. Combining thermographic images and 3D models to proceed with thermic analysis through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, the aim is to identify the influence of climate changes on ancient wood to predict their behavior or possible failure in the future. The paper presents the initial results obtained with a new methodological approach and has a fundamental importance in the conservation of ancient wooden objects. AI algorithms have been used to clean the 3D point cloud (denoising), create voxel, hence volumetric models for FEA and for the integration of all the data for the predictive analysis. The innovative part of the project lays in (i) creation of voxel from cleaned denoised 3D point cloud; (ii) accuracy analysis of the models obtained compared with the original point cloud and the 3D mesh; (iii) direct use of these volumetric data in the FEA software for thermic analysis, using thermographic data as boundary conditions.
Mapping Pausania: A GIS-Based Reconstruction of the Laconian Landscape
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Cornaglia, Marco; Barzaghi, Sebastian; Iannucci, Alessandro; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The archaeological landscape of ancient Greece is a paradigmatic case study for cultural heritage research, not only because of the sheer amount of identified remains, but also because of the many ancient texts referring to such elements. In this regard, among the surviving literary works from antiquity, the Periegesis of Pausanias represents a valuable asset, whose exhaustiveness in firsthand descriptions has exerted a strong influence on modern research. The narrative of the text, structured as a series of itineraries, is particularly suitable for the creation of digital maps which may recreate ancient landscapes and compare them with the current state of research. In particular, the region of Laconia has proven to be promising in light of the state of partial decay already observed in Roman times, by the time of the author's analysis. Therefore, the area has been isolated as a case study and recreated in the form of three GIS maps by using the ArcGIS software, focusing respectively on Laconia in the classical age, in the Roman age, and in the current state. As such, the three maps may be used simultaneously for synchronic and diachronic investigations of the region, thereby enabling the evaluation of the peculiarities of the studied landscape and heritage. The data visualized in the digital maps is derived from a critical analysis of the text and associated with comments based on the state of the art, which not only enhance the study of the mapped remains but also allow for the assessment of the state of identification of the landscape treated by Pausanias. The georeferenced database, built to support the spatial analysis and the data visualization, aims to overcome the limitations generally inherent to other thesauri and gazetteers of the classical world, thanks to a taxonomy that allows for the rapid isolation of salient features of the mapped data. Data such as the time period, the actual state of identification, modern toponymy, and the typology of the remains can be quickly researched, thus enabling several kinds of queries. All the produced cartography is also intended to be uploaded online by using the ArcGIS Online cloud platform, with the aim to create a web application that ensures maximum visibility and easy access to the mapped material.
IBE meets AIR: a framework for structured archaeological reasoning and digital reconstruction
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Campanaro, Danilo Marco; Derudas, Paola; Thomsen, Mikkel H.; Foley, Brendan; Nurra, Federico; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The increasing use of digital tools in archaeology has vastly expanded our capacity to document and visualise the past, yet the reasoning that connects evidence to interpretation often remains implicit or undocumented. This paper addresses that gap by integrating Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE)-a philosophical model of hypothesis evaluation-into the Archaeological Interactive Report (AIR), a semantic platform for managing and visualising archaeological data. We demonstrate how this integration enables transparent, iterative, and reproducible archaeological interpretation by structuring hypotheses, linking them to evidence, and assessing them against explanatory virtues. Two case studies illustrate the potential of this framework: the systematic reconstruction of the House of the Greek Epigrams in Pompeii, and an experimental application to the Gribshunden shipwreck, where reasoning evolves alongside data collection. The result is a replicable method that formalises archaeological argumentation and embeds it directly within digital infrastructure, making interpretation not only visible, but critically assessable and reusable.
Intra-site Spatial Analysis at Sambuco Cave: Testing Digital 3D Approach for the Interpretation of Upper Palaeolithic Behavioural Strategies
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Pizziolo, Giovanna; Tessaro, Carlo; Faraoni, Matteo; Mustone, Gaia; Galiberti, Attilio; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
Sambuco Cave, located in central Italy, preserves a stratified sequence from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic, making it an important archaeological site. This research combines traditional excavation data with Digital Heritage methodologies to enhance the understanding of site formation and spatial organization within the cave. A 3D GIS-based workflow integrates photogrammetric documentation, lithic analysis, and spatial modelling to reconstruct prehistoric behaviours and identify activity zones. The study highlights the importance of virtual reconstructions in clarifying stratigraphic relationships and interpreting the cave's usage. Results suggest a focused, task-specific occupation pattern, emphasizing short-term use, possibly related to hunting and toolmaking. This innovative approach provides valuable insights into Upper Palaeolithic settlement strategies and offers a new perspective on the spatial organization of prehistoric sites. At present, this paper represents an experimental 3d analytical approach presented here as a methodological test.
Perin del Vaga, His Workshop and Patterns of Fresco Painting in the Farnese Tower cycle through Multiple Non-Invasive Analyses
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Iorio, Giulia; Zappalà, Noemi; Graziani, Valerio; Tortora, Luca; Barbieri, Costanza; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
The aim of this work, carried out within the framework of the ENACTING ARTISTIC RESEARCH (EAR) project, is to presents preliminary results from ongoing analyses conducted on a 16th-century fresco cycle originally located in the Tower of Pope Paul III Farnese and now housed at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. The artworks are being investigated through an integrated approach combining art, science, and non-invasive diagnostic techniques, thanks to the collaboration between the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome and the National Institute of Nuclear Physics of Roma Tre. To address the numerous diagnostic questions, concerning the uncertain attribution of the artworks, the multiplicity of execution techniques, and the complex conservation history, several analytical methods have been employed, including multispectral imaging, digital microscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF).
Palazzo della Loggia According to Luigi Vanvitelli: a Digital Reconstruction
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Matteis, Silvia De; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
This paper aims to describe the process of 3D Reconstruction of Luigi Vanvitelli's (Naples, 1700 - Caserta, 1773) second design for the Great Hall of the Palazzo della Loggia in Brescia, and the drawing analysis that it entailed. In 1575, the 16th-century Loggia was consumed by a fire that devastated first floor interior and roof, but left the lower floor and the exterior largely unscathed. The roof was hastily repaired, the still-serviceable areas sectioned off, and the building languished in this precarious state for nearly two centuries. Eventually, local authorities commissioned its restoration (1764). Due to the monument's significance, Vanvitelli needed to utilize the pre-existing structure, damaged though it may be. These constraints resulted in two designs, drafted between 1769 and 1771, which displayed the same radial distribution but differed in the shape of the plan (circular and octagonal, respectively). Construction of the 1771 design began after Vanvitelli's death, and only reached the entablature before halting indefinitely. This paper aims to describe the challenges and questions posed by the process of 3D reconstruction of Luigi Vanvitelli's second design for the Great Hall (Salone) of the Palazzo della Loggia in Brescia, particularly with regards to the articulation of the vault. The reconstructions are based on two series of drawings in the hand of Vanvitelli and Piermarini, presently hosted at the Archivio di Stato di Brescia, occasionally interpolated with the information that can be gleaned from Baldassarre Zambone's engravings (1778). Three potential geometric interpretations, which the present paper seeks to explore, were identified by analyzing the area of the vault, first through the lens of ''necessary'' (brought about by the transition from circle to octagon) versus unforced changes, and then in light of the discrepancies found both within and among the drawings.
Reinterpreting Guaraní Heritage: Additive Manufacturing for Digital Heritage Strategies for Architectural and Cultural Reconstruction
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Ramirez, Florencia; Gaudillière-Jami, Nadja; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
This paper proposes a methodological framework for the reinterpretation of cultural heritage through digital workflows, Data acquisition methods -3D scanning, modeling reconstitution; Fabrication -Additive manufacturing, focusing on three interventions strategies: imitation, recomposition and disruption. While heritage preservation has traditionally prioritized the physical safeguarding of monuments and artifacts, the emergence of digital technologies offers new opportunities for engaging with cultural memory in more dynamic and interpretive ways. By leveraging tools such as 3D scanning and clay 3D-printing, this approach emphasizes the fluidity of heritage as a site of ongoing interpretation rather than a fixed, authoritative narrative.
Building Height Assessment for Heritage Site's Surroundings using 3D-GIS Multiple Scenarios
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Sukwai, Janjira; Srinurak, Nattasit; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
A heritage property associated with a wider setting of natural landscape necessitates specific approach to safeguarding the values and integrity it carries. This study proposed conservation and management practices to look into height intrusion that may have had an adverse visual impact on a heritage site's surroundings both in the immediate vicinity and the extend beyond to its wider setting. A heritage site - Suan Dok Temple in Chiang Mai city, Thailand, was selected as a case study using the Viewshed analysis to investigate visibility of the temple with two distinct heights of stupas: Suan Dok height and Average height, as well as its associated mountain landscape as a result of building height impact in the adjacent, close, and mountain view zones. And later to comparing scenarios created by Computer Generative Architecture (CGA) to estimate optimal or critical building height for each view zone. The results indicated that, in the adjacent zone, the most critical building height range is less than 15 and 9 meters, respectively. Further from the heritage site, in the close zone, the critical building height range is less than 21 and 15 meters, respectively. The mountain backdrop naturally exhibits a direct variation based on the height of the taller buildings, necessitating further discussion of the optimal or critical height. The building height scenario presented in this study demonstrates the potential of employing 3D GIS through the rule package in CGA to assess the height of buildings within the heritage site's surrounding area. This approach presents an opportunity to evaluate the building height regulations in the context of urban planning and design, particularly regarding the preservation of the heritage's visual integrity.
4D Data Organization and Alignment atWorld Scale
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Münster, Sander; Bruschke, Jonas; Komorowicz, Dávid; Preßler, Rebecca Debora; Rajan, Vaibhav; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
A current challenge related to 4D viewers at world scale is the low number and geographic and temporal coverage of 3D models available. To overcome this issue, we work on different tools to (1) harvest 3D models, images, and location-based information from multiple sources via automated and community-based approaches; (2) automatically process these into 4D cityscape models; (3) make the 4D models accessible in two visualizations: via a 4D browser and a location-dependent augmented reality representation. Since previous articles report on the pipeline, tools, and usage scenarios, this contribution highlights ongoing developments in (1) large-scale 3D data retrieval; (2) 3D mesh model and LiDAR processing; and (3) novel view synthesis via Gaussian Splatting. The datasets are viewed in two 4D world viewers for (4) desktop browsing and (5) location-based mobile use. To date, they have been tested in seven countries.
A Scan-to-BIM Approach for the Preservation of the Architectural and Archaeological Heritage: the Digitisation of the Complex of San Nicolò Regale in Mazara del Vallo (Italy)
(The Eurographics Association, 2025) Aricò, Manuela; Guardia, Marcello La; Brutto, Mauro Lo; Mineo, Giorgio; Campana, Stefano; Ferdani, Daniele; Graf, Holger; Guidi, Gabriele; Hegarty, Zackary; Pescarin, Sofia; Remondino, Fabio
In recent years, Built Heritage (BH) management has greatly benefited from advances in digital survey technologies and the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) processes for digitisation and preservation purposes. The integration of range-based (static and mobile) and image-based (aerial and terrestrial) survey techniques enables the creation of comprehensive 3D geospatial datasets for BIM modelling. This study presents the Heritage BIM (HBIM) digitisation of an architectural and archaeological complex in Mazara del Vallo (Italy). The site includes two assets: the 12th-century Arab-Norman church of San Nicolò Regale and the remains of a late Roman domus (3rd-4th century C.E.) beneath it, featuring polychrome mosaic floors. This digitisation aimed to provide exhaustive and detailed geometric documentation and create an accurate digital model for conservation and management purposes. Data acquisition combined mobile and static laser scanning with close-range photogrammetry. The final model was obtained through a Scan-to-BIM approach for the church and an integrated Scan-to-Mesh-to-BIM approach for the domus, ensuring accurate representation of both architectural and archaeological elements. This methodology serves as a reference for digitising and preserving similar heritage sites.

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