GraDiFab: Eurographics Workshop on Graphics for Digital Fabrication 2016
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Item State of The Art on Functional Fabrication(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Sá, Asla Medeiros e; Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Pietroni, Nico; Cignoni, Paolo; A. Medeiros e Sa and N. Pietroni and K. Rodriguez EchavarriaDigital fabrication technologies are becoming of importance to a number of knowledge areas and sectors, including medicine, entertainment, design, engineering, education, arts and architecture, due to their accessibility and versatility. These technologies are changing the design of digital models, materials and manufacturing processes which enable to build previously unachievable physical objects. Since many constraints imposed on the design of objects have changed significantly, a growing research community is working on graphical tools and techniques to enable the conception, automation, production and usage of innovative and complex designs for fabrication. In the present work, we survey the state of the art of computer graphics contributions to functional fabrication design tools and techniques. By functional fabrication we understand the design and manufacture of physical objects which functionalities exploit the capabilities of digital fabrication technologies. These functionalities include improving the mechanics of a workpiece, producing articulated models, capturing aerodynamics, planning deformable workpieces and controlling the object’'s appearance and acoustics. The resulting design tools are clearly taking advantage of relevant computer graphics techniques. Furthermore, they are extending these techniques to realise new physical forms as well as bringing innovation to feed into the design space.Item Restoration of Architectural Ornament for Historic Buildings(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Echavarria, Karina Rodriguez; Song, Ran; Few, Dean; Sá, Asla Medeiros e; A. Medeiros e Sa and N. Pietroni and K. Rodriguez EchavarriaMany geographic areas within cities and towns across the world display historic buildings with stylised architectural elements displaying the influences of periods and cultures throughout their history. Ornamental mouldings are architectural elements which are commonly found both in façades and the indoors of historic buildings. These mouldings support the embellishment of a building; however, its proper maintenance can be expensive. This is because, until now, the restoration and conservation of ornamental mouldings has been mainly a manual artisan activity. This research explores the introduction of digital fabrication technologies into this process. Digital Fabrication technologies, including graphic algorithms and additive manufacturing technologies, enable the design and fabrication of customisable ornamental mouldings. Hence, this paper proposes the definition and testing of a graphical workflow for the fabrication of ornamental mouldings. The restoration and conservation of historic buildings is a major economic sector in Europe. Hence, this paper contributes towards lowering their maintenance cost and making more accessible the ornamentation of new buildings.Item Low-budget 3D Printed Haptic Navigation Aids for the Visually Impaired(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Michalik, Neena; Fryazinov, Oleg; A. Medeiros e Sa and N. Pietroni and K. Rodriguez EchavarriaIn a culture shaped by the visual, having a visual impairment can present many difficulties, in particular concerning orienta- tion and spatial awareness. Tactile models that allow users to experience an environment haptically can provide the spatial, object-based and sequential information necessary to facilitate visually impaired individuals' orientation and mobility in the environment. The increasing availability of 3D printing technologies and digital model data would allow for the creation of customisable tactile models tailored to an individual's needs and without high costs for design and fabrication. In this paper we explore design and fabrication of low-budget 3D printed tactile models for testing on real users.Item Tight Printable Enclosures and Support Structures for Additive Manufacturing(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Hornus, Samuel; Lefebvre, Sylvain; Dumas, Jérémie; Claux, Frédéric; A. Medeiros e Sa and N. Pietroni and K. Rodriguez EchavarriaAdditive manufacturing is a process by which a three dimensional object is created layer after layer, through selective deposition of material. It often requires the automated generation of auxiliary shapes, to temporarily support the object, to protect its surface, or to carve inner cavities and reduce material usage. In this context, we define a printable enclosure as a minimal volume enclosing a given shape and whose boundary can be printed at the smallest possible thickness while ensuring proper bonding between layers. Such an enclosure is well suited to serve as auxiliary structure for additive manufacturing: it is easy to print and require little material. In this paper, we demonstrate its use on three different applications: enclosing a print within protective walls that are close to the surface; generating large inner cavities whose walls are printable, and finally modeling support structures that provide a dense support to the downward facing surfaces while vanishing as quickly as possible below the supported object. We obtain the shape of an enclosure by considering constraints on its set of slices along horizontal planes. In practice, the set of slices is discrete and the constraints afford for an efficient sweep-like construction algorithm using morphological operations on the slices. We discuss the printability and optimality of the enclosures and their boundary walls.Item GraDiFab 2016: Frontmatter(Eurographics Association, 2016) Nico Pietroni; Karina Rodriguez Echavarria; Asla Medeiros e Sá;Item Shape Adaptive Cut Lines(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Colaianni, Matteo; Siegl, Christian; Süßmuth, Jochen; Rott, Franz; Greiner, Günther; A. Medeiros e Sa and N. Pietroni and K. Rodriguez EchavarriaWe present a novel method to express base layer and compression garments directly coupled to a human body geometry. Our system enables the transfer of a previously defined patch configuration from a virtual template avatar to arbitrary input bodies. A complete pipeline for the virtual development of second skin garments is presented. The system's strength is the transparent usage for two important scenarios in the apparel industry. On the one hand grading for a population is presented using body shape statistics without using any measurements and on the other hand an approach for custom garment creation in a madeto- shape fashion is proposed.Item Foldlings: A Tool for Interactive Pop-up Card Design(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Harquail, Nook; Allen, Marissa; Whiting, Emily; A. Medeiros e Sa and N. Pietroni and K. Rodriguez EchavarriaCrafting a 3D paper pop-up is a creative and playful experience, which can help develop spatial reasoning skills. However, designing the cuts and folds is often a frustrating trial-and-error process due to the tight set of geometric constraints. We introduce Foldlings: an iPad application that assists in this exploratory process. Our tool-based approach allows users of all skill levels to create complex cards with ease, by separating folding geometries into logical units. We present a novel user interface for creating popup cards from user input, leveraging the practical two-dimensional format of paper. Our approach uses a modular set of simple drawing tools, which can be combined to create complex designs. We guarantee the validity of the folded card at all stages of design, and our interface provides an intuitive set of visual aids to help users understand the relationship between 2D patterns and 3D geometry. We describe the algorithms and data structures used in interpreting 2D user input and visualizing the 3D geometry of the folded card. We discuss results of user studies, which guided early stages of UI design and demonstrate the efficacy of the final prototype.