A Solver-Aided Hierarchical Language for LLM-Driven CAD Design
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Abstract
Parametric CAD systems use domain-specific languages (DSLs) to represent geometry as programs, enabling both flexible modeling and structured editing. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is growing interest in generating such programs from natural language. This raises a key question: what kind of DSL best supports both CAD generation and editing, whether performed by a human or an AI? In this work, we introduce AIDL, a hierarchical, solver-aided DSL designed to align with the strengths of LLMs while remaining interpretable and editable by humans. AIDL enables high-level reasoning by breaking problems into abstract components and structural relationships, while offloading low-level geometric reasoning to a constraint solver. We evaluate AIDL in a 2D text-to-CAD setting using a zero-shot prompt-based interface and compare it to OpenSCAD, a widely used CAD DSL that appears in LLM training data. AIDL produces results that are visually competitive and significantly easier to edit. Our findings suggest that language design is a powerful complement to model training and prompt engineering for building collaborative AI-human tools in CAD. Code is available at https://github.com/deGravity/aidl.
Description
CCS Concepts: Software and its engineering → Domain specific languages; Computing methodologies → Shape modeling; Natural language processing; Symbolic and algebraic algorithms; Applied computing → Computer-aided design; Human-centered computing → Systems and tools for interaction design
@article{10.1111:cgf.70250,
journal = {Computer Graphics Forum},
title = {{A Solver-Aided Hierarchical Language for LLM-Driven CAD Design}},
author = {Jones, Ben T. and Zhang, Zihan and Hähnlein, Felix and Matusik, Wojciech and Ahmad, Maaz and Kim, Vladimir and Schulz, Adriana},
year = {2025},
publisher = {The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
ISSN = {1467-8659},
DOI = {10.1111/cgf.70250}
}