Exploring the Effects of Spatially Distributed Cheek Pressure Stimulation on Virtual Experiences

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dc.contributor.authorKimura, Ryuen_US
dc.contributor.authorNakamura, Fumihikoen_US
dc.contributor.authorKimura, Asakoen_US
dc.contributor.authorShibata, Fumihisaen_US
dc.contributor.editorJorge, Joaquim A.en_US
dc.contributor.editorSakata, Nobuchikaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-26T09:21:39Z
dc.date.available2025-11-26T09:21:39Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIn Virtual Reality (VR), haptic stimulation is promising approach to enhancing virtual experiences. However, facial haptics remain underexplored, particularly the cheeks, which have the potential to improve presence and to foster affective interaction. This study explores the effects of spatially distributed cheek pressure stimulation on virtual experiences. We developed a facial stimulation system by attaching six servo-driven linear actuators to a head-mounted display, enabling the application of pressure to multiple points on the cheek. Two user studies were conducted under three conditions: visual-only, single-point stimulation, and multi-point stimulation. The first study examined the effects of multi-point cheek pressure stimulation on presence and emotional responses when interacting with non-human virtual entities. The second study assessed its impact on presence, emotional responses, and social presence during interactions with human-like avatars. Results showed that cheek pressure stimulation significantly enhanced presence and social presence, and elicited higher emotional arousal. Furthermore, temporal variations in cheek pressure effectively improved valence in playful interaction with an avatar. Comparisons between singlepoint and multi-point stimulation revealed only minor differences, indicating limited additional benefits of multiple pressure points. However, participants' self-reports suggest that applying pressure to multiple points on the cheek is more likely to increase the perceived overall force intensity, rather than producing a sensation of distinct stimulation points.en_US
dc.description.sectionheadersMultisensory and Olfactory Interaction
dc.description.seriesinformationICAT-EGVE 2025 - International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments
dc.identifier.doi10.2312/egve.20251346
dc.identifier.isbn978-3-03868-278-3
dc.identifier.issn1727-530X
dc.identifier.pages10 pages
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.2312/egve.20251346
dc.identifier.urihttps://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/egve20251346
dc.publisherThe Eurographics Associationen_US
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International License
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCCS Concepts: Human-centered computing → Virtual reality; User studies; Haptic devices
dc.subjectHuman centered computing → Virtual reality
dc.subjectUser studies
dc.subjectHaptic devices
dc.titleExploring the Effects of Spatially Distributed Cheek Pressure Stimulation on Virtual Experiencesen_US
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