41-Issue 2
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Browsing 41-Issue 2 by Author "Agrawala, Maneesh"
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Item Differentiable 3D CAD Programs for Bidirectional Editing(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2022) Cascaval, Dan; Shalah, Mira; Quinn, Phillip; Bodik, Rastislav; Agrawala, Maneesh; Schulz, Adriana; Chaine, Raphaƫlle; Kim, Min H.Modern CAD tools represent 3D designs not only as geometry, but also as a program composed of geometric operations, each of which depends on a set of parameters. Program representations enable meaningful and controlled shape variations via parameter changes. However, achieving desired modifications solely through parameter editing is challenging when CAD models have not been explicitly authored to expose select degrees of freedom in advance. We introduce a novel bidirectional editing system for 3D CAD programs. In addition to editing the CAD program, users can directly manipulate 3D geometry and our system infers parameter updates to keep both representations in sync. We formulate inverse edits as a set of constrained optimization objectives, returning plausible updates to program parameters that both match user intent and maintain program validity. Our approach implements an automatically differentiable domain-specific language for CAD programs, providing derivatives for this optimization to be performed quickly on any expressed program. Our system enables rapid, interactive exploration of a constrained 3D design space by allowing users to manipulate the program and geometry interchangeably during design iteration. While our approach is not designed to optimize across changes in geometric topology, we show it is expressive and performant enough for users to produce a diverse set of design variants, even when the CAD program contains a relatively large number of parameters.Item ZoomShop: Depth-Aware Editing of Photographic Composition(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2022) Liu, Sean J.; Agrawala, Maneesh; DiVerdi, Stephen; Hertzmann, Aaron; Chaine, Raphaƫlle; Kim, Min H.We present ZoomShop, a photographic composition editing tool for adjusting relative size, position, and foreshortening of scene elements. Given an image and corresponding depth map as input, ZoomShop combines a novel non-linear camera model and a depth-aware image warp to reproject and deform the image. Users can isolate objects by selecting depth ranges and adjust their scale and foreshortening, which controls the paths of the camera rays through the scene. Users can also select 2D image regions and translate them, which determines the objective function in the image warp optimization. We demonstrate that ZoomShop can be used to achieve useful compositional goals, such as making a distant object more prominent while preserving foreground scenery, or making objects both larger and closer together so they still fit in the frame.