Yang, YixinZhou, YangHuang, HuiChristie, MarcPietroni, NicoWang, Yu-Shuen2025-10-072025-10-0720251467-8659https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.70252https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.1111/cgf70252Recently, 2D Gaussian Splatting (2DGS) has demonstrated superior geometry reconstruction quality than the popular 3DGS by using 2D surfels to approximate thin surfaces. However, it falls short when dealing with glossy surfaces, resulting in visible holes in these areas. We find that the reflection discontinuity causes the issue. To fit the jump from diffuse to specular reflection at different viewing angles, depth bias is introduced in the optimized Gaussian primitives. To address that, we first replace the depth distortion loss in 2DGS with a novel depth convergence loss, which imposes a strong constraint on depth continuity. Then, we rectify the depth criterion in determining the actual surface, which fully accounts for all the intersecting Gaussians along the ray. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations across various datasets reveal that our method significantly improves reconstruction quality, with more complete and accurate surfaces than 2DGS. Code is available at https://github.com/ XiaoXinyyx/Unbiased_Surfel.CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies → Rendering; Machine learning approaches; Shape modelingComputing methodologies → RenderingMachine learning approachesShape modeling10.1111/cgf.702529 pages