Hushagen, VetleTresselt, Gustav C.Smit, Noeska N.Specht, KarstenOeltze-Jafra, Steffen and Smit, Noeska N. and Sommer, Björn and Nieselt, Kay and Schultz, Thomas2021-09-212021-09-212021978-3-03868-140-32070-5786https://doi.org/10.2312/vcbm.20211344https://diglib.eg.org:443/handle/10.2312/vcbm20211344Augmented and virtual reality (XR) are potentially powerful tools for enhancing the efficiency of interactive visualization of complex data in biology and medicine. The benefits of visualization of digital objects in XR mainly arise from enhanced depth perception due to the stereoscopic nature of XR head mounted devices. With the added depth dimension, XR is in a prime position to convey complex information and support tasks where 3D information is important. In order to inform the development of novel XR applications in the biology and medicine domain, we present a survey which reviews the neuroscientific basis underlying the immersive features of XR. To make this literature more accessible to the visualization community, we first describe the basics of the visual system, highlighting how visual features are combined to objects and processed in higher cortical areas with a special focus on depth vision. Based on state of the art findings in neuroscience literature related to depth perception, we provide several recommendations for developers and designers. Our aim is to aid development of XR applications and strengthen development of tools aimed at molecular visualization, medical education, and surgery, as well as inspire new application areas.General and referenceSurveys and overviewsApplied computingLife and medical sciencesHuman centered computingVirtual realityMixed / augmented reality10.2312/vcbm.2021134437-54