Vassilev, Tzvetomir Ivanov2015-02-152015-02-1519971467-8659https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00179This paper describes an efficient method for manipulating deformable B-spline surfaces, based on minimizing an energy functional. The major benefit of the proposed new fairness norm is that it preserves the natural representation of the B-spline surface control points (a two dimensional array) which has an efficiency advantage over other methods. The designer uses forces as a main sculpting tool and is free to specify a single force, a set of isolated forces, forces situated on a line or curve or area of the deformable surface. The user is allowed to modify several parameters and in this way to change the physical properties of the object.10.1111/1467-8659.00179191-199