Fa, MingxianFernando, TerrenceDew, Peter M.2014-10-212014-10-2119931467-8659https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.1230237This paper presents a novel constraint-based 3D manipulation approach to interactive constraint-based solid modelling. This approach employs a constraint recognition process to automatically recognise assembly relationships and geometric constraints between entities from 3D manipulation. A technique referred to as allowable motion is used to achieve accurate 3D positioning of a solid model by automatically constraining its 3D manipulation without menu interaction. A set of virtual design tools, which can be used to construct constraint-based solid models within a virtual environment, are also supported. These tools have been implemented as functional 3D objects associated with several pre-defined modelling functions to simulate physical tools such as a drilling tool and T-square. They can be directly manipulated by the user, and precisely positioned relative to other solid models through the constraint-based 3D manipulation approach. Their modelling functions can be automatically triggered, depending upon their associated constraints and the user s manipulation manner. A prototype system has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques for model construction and assembly operations.10.1111/1467-8659.1230237237-248