Li, WanwanFrosini, Patrizio and Giorgi, Daniela and Melzi, Simone and Rodolà, Emanuele2021-10-252021-10-252021978-3-03868-165-62617-4855https://doi.org/10.2312/stag.20211482https://diglib.eg.org:443/handle/10.2312/stag20211482In this paper, we present Pen2VR: a smart pen tool interface for 3D drawing wire art design in VR. In Pen2VR, with VR headsets put on, users are allowed to create their VR drawings as 3D lines or curves in a virtual space as if they are using a 3D version of the pen tool in Photoshop. During the 3D drawing in VR, users can directly create geometric elements including polylines and Bezier curves by clicking and dragging a VR controller in mid-air. Besides, in order to make Pen2VR smart, we proposed an optimization-based approach to automatically fine-tune the user's 3D initial input into well-beautified 3D drawings. Experimental results show that the qualities of optimized wire art designs have been significantly improved.Applied computing → Fine artsHumancentered computing → User interface programmingUser interface toolkitsUser interface designWireframes10.2312/stag.20211482119-127