Áfra, Attila T.Holly Rushmeier and Oliver Deussen2015-02-282015-02-2820121467-8659https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.02085.xWe propose an efficient approach for interactive visualization of massive models with CPU ray tracing. A voxel-based hierarchical level-of-detail (LOD) framework is employed to minimize rendering time and required system memory. In a pre-processing phase, a compressed out-of-core data structure is constructed, which contains the original primitives of the model and the LOD voxels, organized into a kd-tree. During rendering, data is loaded asynchronously to ensure a smooth inspection of the model regardless of the available I/O bandwidth. With our technique, we are able to explore data sets consisting of hundreds of millions of triangles in real-time on a desktop PC with a quad-core CPU.10.1111/j.1467-8659.2011.02085.x