Shao, ShanLi, YiranMeso, Andrew I.Holliman, Nicolas S.Hunter, DavidSlingsby, Aidan2024-09-092024-09-092024978-3-03868-249-3https://doi.org/10.2312/cgvc.20241214https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/cgvc20241214When communicating critical information to decision-makers, one of the major challenges in visualization is whether the communication is affected by different perceptual or cognitive abilities, one major influencing factor is age. We review both visualization and psychophysics literature to understand where quantitative evidence exists on age differences in visual perception. Using contrast sensitivity data from the literature we show how the differences between visualizations for different age groups can be predicted using a new model of visible frequency range with age. The model assumed that at threshold values some visual data will not be visible to older people (spatial frequency > 2 and contrast <=0.01). We apply this result to a practical visualization and show an example that at higher levels of contrast, the visual signal should be perceivable by all viewers over 20. Universally usable visualization should use a contrast of 0.02 or higher and be designed to avoid spatial frequencies greater than eight cycles per degree to accommodate all ages. There remains much research to do on to translate psychophysics results to practical quantitative guidelines for visualization producers.Attribution 4.0 International LicenseCCS Concepts: Human-centered computing → Visualization theory, concepts and paradigms; Empirical studies in visualizationHuman centered computing → Visualization theoryconcepts and paradigmsEmpirical studies in visualization10.2312/cgvc.202412149 pages