Arya, K2014-07-312014-07-3119841467-8659https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.1984.tb00087.xA functional approach is used to investigate the creation and manipulation of pictures as hierarchical entities. A set of useful functions is designed and used in a series of illustrative examples written in the functional programming language HOPE. A functional animation system incorporating these ideas is then discussed.10.1111/j.1467-8659.1984.tb00087.x35-45