Diener, JulienRodriguez, MathieuBaboud, LionelReveret, Lionel2015-02-232015-02-2320091467-8659https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01393.xThis paper presents a real-time method to animate complex scenes of thousands of trees under a user-controllable wind load. Firstly, modal analysis is applied to extract the main modes of deformation from the mechanical model of a 3D tree. The novelty of our contribution is to precompute a new basis of the modal stress of the tree under wind load. At runtime, this basis allows to replace the modal projection of the external forces by a direct mapping for any directional wind. We show that this approach can be efficiently implemented on graphics hardware. This modal animation can be simulated at low computation cost even for large scenes containing thousands of trees.10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01393.x533-540