Bernard, JürgenZeppelzauer, MatthiasSedlmair, MichaelAigner, WolfgangMichael Sedlmair and Christian Tominski2017-06-122017-06-122017978-3-03868-042-0https://diglib.eg.org:443/handle/10.2312/eurova20171123https://doi.org/10.2312/eurova.20171123Assigning labels to data instances is a prerequisite for many machine learning tasks. Similarly, labeling is applied in visualinteractive analysis approaches. However, the strategies for creating labels often differ in the two fields. In this paper, we study the process of labeling data instances with the user in the loop, from both the machine learning and visual-interactive perspective. Based on a review of differences and commonalities, we propose the 'Visual-Interactive Labeling' (VIAL) process, conflating the strengths of both. We describe the six major steps of the process and highlight their related challenges.Human-centered computingVisual analyticsInformation visualizationTheory of computationActive learning10.2312/eurova.2017112373-77