Adams, AndrewSharlet, DillonJosef SpjutMarc StammingerVictor Zordan2023-01-232023-01-2320222577-6193https://doi.org/10.1145/3543869https://diglib.eg.org:443/handle/10.1145/3543869Production imaging pipelines commonly operate using fixed-point arithmetic, and within these pipelines a core primitive is convolution by small filters - taking convex combinations of fixed-point values in order to resample, interpolate, or denoise. We describe a new way to compute unbiased convex combinations of fixedpoint values using sequences of averaging instructions, which exist on all popular CPU and DSP architectures but are seldom used. For a variety of popular kernels, our averaging trees have higher performance and higher quality than existing standard practice.CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies -> Image processing Additional Key Words and Phrases: fixed-point arithmetic, image filteringComputing methodologiesImage processing Additional Key Words and Phrasesfixedpoint arithmeticimage filtering10.1145/3543869