Yabe, TakumaYano, HiroakiTanabe, TakeshiYem, Vibol2024-11-292024-11-292024978-3-03868-246-21727-530Xhttps://doi.org/10.2312/egve.20241399https://diglib.eg.org/handle/10.2312/egve20241399In this study, we developed a novel haptic feedback Human-Machine Interface (HMI) designed for immovable joysticks in small electric vehicles, such as wheelchairs. This HMI aims to improve driver awareness of surrounding obstacles by providing intuitive force feedback. By applying pressure stimuli to the outside of the hand, the system conveys both the direction and distance of obstacles. Experimental results showed that the HMI enabled participants to accurately perceive the presence and direction of obstacles, reducing the need for frequent visual checks and thereby lowering cognitive load.Attribution 4.0 International LicenseCCS Concepts: Human-centered computing → Haptic devices; Touch screens; Virtual realityHuman centered computing → Haptic devicesTouch screensVirtual reality10.2312/egve.202413992 pages