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Item Latency- and Hazard-Free Volume Memory Ar chitecture for Direct Volume Rendering(The Eurographics Association, 1996) Boer, M. de; Gropl, A.; Hesser, J.; Männer, R.; Bengt-Olaf Schneider and Andreas SchillingThe computational power required for direct volume rendering like ray-casting or volume ray-tracing can be provided by high speed rendering architectures. However the increasing proces sor speed makes a performance bottleneck obvious - the vol ume memory. This paper describes a volume memory architec ture that achieves at least a tenfold speed-up in read-out rate with moderate additional hardware. It has been simulated suc cessfully. A multi-level cache system is used with software prefetching and latency hiding. Pre- and postcaches addi tionally speed up the read-out rate so that a 5123 data set stored in a single memory module can be rendered at 3.125 Hz.Item Evaluation of a Real-Time Direct Volume Rendering System(The Eurographics Association, 1996) Boer, M. de; Hesser, J.; Gropl, A.; Gunther, T.; Poliwoda, C.; Reinhart, C.; Manner, R.; Bengt-Olaf Schneider and Andreas SchillingVIRIM, a real-time direct volume rendering system is evaluated for medical applications. Experiences concerning the hardware architecture are discussed. The issues are the flexibility of VIRIM, the restriction to two gradient components only, the duplication of the volume data sets on different modules, the size of the volume data set, the gray-value segmentation tool, and the support of algorithmic improvements like space- leaping, early ray-termination and others.It turned out that flexibility is the main benefit and absolutely necessary for VIRIM. Given this flexibility the application areas of real-time rendering systems increase dramatically: Most of the user requirements focus now not on visualization but on general volume data processing. The most serious bot tleneck of VIRIM is the limited volume memory that is inte grated on the first prototype.