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    Towards Automated 2D Character Animation
    (The Eurographics Association, 2025) Mailee, Hamila; Anjos, Rafael Kuffner dos; Berio, Daniel; Bruckert, Alexandre
    Automating facial expression changes in comics and 2D animation presents several challenges, as facial structures can vary widely, and audiences are susceptible to the subtlest changes. Building on extensive research in human face image manipulation, landmark-guided image editing offers a promising solution, providing precise control and yielding satisfactory results. This study addresses the challenges hindering the advancement of landmark-based methods for cartoon characters and proposes the use of object detection models -specifically YOLOX and Faster R-CNN- to detect initial facial regions. These detections serve as a foundation for expanding landmark annotations, enabling more effective expression manipulation to animate expressive characters. The codes and trained models are publicly available here.
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    Evaluating Temporal Coherence using a Watercolor Renderer
    (The Eurographics Association, 2025) Morgan, Ingrid Ellen Carr; Billeter, Markus; Anjyo, Ken; Anjos, Rafael Kuffner dos; Berio, Daniel; Bruckert, Alexandre
    Temporal coherence is a long-standing issue within Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR). The problem has been defined as a trade-off between the three main factors: flatness, temporal continuity and motion coherence. Approaches that improve temporal coherence are applied across different styles within diverse animation contexts. We have implemented a watercolour renderer that supports multiple temporal coherence approaches in a unified system to investigate this trade-off. The approaches are then evaluated against existing work, with consideration of how external factors including animations and textures may influence perceived incoherence.