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Item Enhancing Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Planning through Automated Acquisition and Classification of Bone Fracture Patterns(The Eurographics Association, 2024) Pérez-Cano, Francisco Daniel; Parra-Cabrera, Gema; Camacho-García, Rubén; Jiménez, Juan José; Marco, Julio; Patow, GustavoThe extraction of the main features of a fractured bone area enables subsequent virtual reproduction for bone simulations. Exploring the fracture zone for other applications remains largely unexplored in current research. Recreating and analyzing fracture patterns has direct applications in medical training programs for traumatologists, automatic bone fracture reduction algorithms, and diagnostics. Furthermore, pattern classification aids in establishing treatment guidelines that specialists can follow during the surgical process. This paper focuses on the process of obtaining an accurate representation of bone fractures, starting with computed tomography scans, and subsequently classifying these patterns using a convolutional neural network. The proposed methodology aims to streamline the extraction and classification of fractures from clinical cases, contributing to enhanced diagnosis and medical simulation applications.Item Study of the Influence of User Characteristics on the Virtual Reality Presence(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Mayor, Jesús; Sánchez, Alberto; Raya, Laura; García-Fernández, Ignacio and Ureña, CarlosIn recent years, virtual reality has grown a lot in different areas of application, including ludic, social and research, being used by a large and growing number of users with different profiles. Presence is one of the most distinctive and important features of a virtual reality experience. The aim of this article is to study the most suitable areas of application for users and to analyze the influence of different characteristics of the user's profile in the perceived presence. We have tested the interest applications indicated by 159 subjects and we have designed an immersive virtual reality experience, testing the behavior and performance of 48 users. The results obtained show that gender can influence the perceptual sensation of presence in these types of virtual environments.Item Real-time Data-Oriented Virtual Forestry Simulation for Games(The Eurographics Association, 2024) Williams, Benjamin; Oliver, Tom; Ward, Davin; Headleand, Chris; Hunter, David; Slingsby, AidanThe current frontier of virtual forestry algorithms remain largely unoptimised and ultimately unsuitable for real-time applications. Providing an optimisation strategy for the real-time simulation of virtual forestry would find particular utility in some areas, for example, in video games. With this motivation in mind, this paper presents a novel optimisation strategy for asymmetric plant competition models. In our approach, we utilise a data-oriented methodology with spatial hashing to enable the real-time simulation of virtual forests. Our approach also provides a significant improvement in performance when contrasted with existing serial implementations. Furthermore, we find that the introduction of our optimisation strategy can be used to simulate hundreds of thousands of virtual trees, in real-time, on a typical desktop machine.Item Rendering and Interacting With Volume Models in Immersive Environments(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Fons, Joan; Monclús, Eva; Vázquez, Pere-Pau; Navazo, Isabel; García-Fernández, Ignacio and Ureña, CarlosThe recent advances in VR headsets, such as the Oculus Rift or HTC Vive, at affordable prices offering a high resolution display, has empowered the development of immersive VR applications. data. In this paper we propose an immersive VR system that uses some well-known acceleration algorithms to achieve real-time rendering of volumetric datasets in an immersive VR system. Moreover, we have incorporated different basic interaction techniques to facilitate the inspection of the volume dataset. The interaction has been designed to be as natural as possible in order to achieve the most comfortable, user-friendly virtual experience. We have conducted an informal user study to evaluate the user preferences. Our evaluation shows that our application is perceived usable, easy of learn and very effective in terms of the high level of immersion achieved.Item 3D Visualisations Should Not be Displayed Alone - Encouraging a Need for Multivocality in Visualisation(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Roberts, Jonathan C.; Mearman, Joseph W.; Butcher, Peter W. S.; Al-Maneea, Hayder M.; Ritsos, Panagiotis D.; Xu, Kai and Turner, MartinWe believe that 3D visualisations should not be used alone; by coincidentally displaying alternative views the user can gain the best understanding of all situations. The different presentations signify manifold meanings and afford different tasks. Natural 3D worlds implicitly tell many stories. For instance, walking into a living room, seeing the TV, types of magazines, pictures on the wall, tells us much about the occupiers: their occupation, standards of living, taste in design, whether they have kids, and so on. How can we similarly create rich and diverse 3D visualisation presentations? How can we create visualisations that allow people to understand different stories from the data? In a multivariate 2D visualisation a developer may coordinate and link many views together to provide exploratory visualisation functionality. But how can this be achieved in 3D and in immersive visualisations? Different visualisation types, each have specific uses, and each has the potential to tell or evoke a different story. Through several use-cases, we discuss challenges of 3D visualisation, and present our argument for concurrent and coordinated visualisations of alternative styles, and encourage developers to consider using alternative representations with any 3D view, even if that view is displayed in a virtual, augmented or mixed reality setup.Item Muscle Simulation with Extended Position Based Dynamics(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Romeo, Marco; Monteagudo, Carlos; Sánchez-Quirós, Daniel; García-Fernández, Ignacio and Ureña, CarlosRecent research on muscle simulation for Visual Effects relies on numerical methods such as the Finite Element Method or Finite Volume Method. These approaches produce realistic results, but require high computational time and are complex to set up. On the other hand Position Based Dynamics offers a fast and controllable solution to simulate surfaces and volumes, but there is no literature on how to implement constraints that could be used to realistically simulate muscles for digital creatures with this method. In this paper we extend the current state-of-the-art in Position Based Dynamics to efficiently compute realistic skeletal-muscle simulation. In particular we embed muscle fibers in the solver by adding an anisotropic component to the distance constraints between mesh points and apply overpressure to realistically model muscle volume changes under contraction. We also present a technique that consistently provides an internal structure for our muscle volumes. We use this structure to preserve the shape and extract relevant information for the activation of the muscle fibers. Finally, we propose a modification of the Extended Position Based Dynamics algorithm and describe other details for proper simulation of character’'s muscle dynamics.Item Learning Activities in Colours and Rainbows for Programming Skill Development(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Roberts, Jonathan C.; Xu, Kai and Turner, MartinWe present how we have created a series of bilingual (English and Welsh) STEM activities focusing on rainbows, colours, light and optical effects. The activities were motivated by the many rainbows that appeared in windows in the UK, in support of the National Health Service at the start of the coronavirus pandemic. Rainbows are hopeful and are very fitting to be used as a positive iconic image at a time of much uncertainty. In this paper we explain how we have developed and organised the activities, focusing on colours, computer graphics and computer programming. Each lesson contains one or more activities, which enable people to take an active role in their learning.We have carefully prepared and organised several processes to guide academic colleagues to create and publish different activities in the theme. Which means that the activities appear similarly structured, can be categorised and searched in a consistent way. This structure can act as a blueprint for others to follow and apply to develop their own online course. The activities incrementally take people through learning about colour, rainbows, planning what to program, design and strategies to create colourful pictures using simple computer graphics principles based in processing.org.Item Knowledge-based Discovery of Transportation Object Properties by Fusing Multi-modal GIS Data(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Maroun, Pedro Eid; Mudur, Sudhir; Popa, Tiberiu; {Tam, Gary K. L. and Vidal, Franck3D models of transportation objects like a road, bridge, underpass, etc. are required in many domains including military training, land development, etc. While remote sensed images and LiDaR data can be used to create approximate 3D representations, detailed 3D representations are difficult to create automatically. Instead, interactive tools are used with rather laborious effort. For example, the top commercial interactive model generator we tried required 94 parameters in all for different bridge types. In this paper, we take a different path.We automatically derive these parameter values from GIS (Geographic Information Systems) data, which normally contains detailed information of these objects, but often only implicitly. The framework presented here transforms GIS data into a knowledge base consisting of assertions. Spatial/numeric relations are handled through plug-ins called property extractors whose results get added to the knowledge base, used by a reasoning engine to infer object properties. A number of properties have to be extracted from images, and are dependent on the accuracy of computer vision methods. While a comprehensive property extractor mechanism is work in progress, . a prototype implementation illustrates our framework for bridges with GIS data from the real world. To the best of our knowledge, our framework is the first to integrate knowledge inference and uncertainty for extracting landscape object properties by fusing facts from multi-modal GIS data sources.Item Adjoint Bijective ZoomOut: Efficient Upsampling for Learned Linearly-invariant Embedding(The Eurographics Association, 2023) Viganò, Giulio; Melzi, Simone; Banterle, Francesco; Caggianese, Giuseppe; Capece, Nicola; Erra, Ugo; Lupinetti, Katia; Manfredi, GildaIn this paper, we present a novel method for refining correspondences between 3D point clouds. Our method is compatible with the functional map framework, so it relies on the spectral representation of the correspondence. Although, differently from other similar approaches, this algorithm is specifically for a particular functional setting, being the only refinement method compatible with a recent data-driven approach, more suitable for point cloud matching. Our algorithm arises from a different way of converting functional operators into point-to-point correspondence, which we prove to promote bijectivity between maps, exploiting a theoretical result. Iterating this procedure and performing spectral upsampling in the same way as other similar methods, ours increases the accuracy of the correspondence, leading to more bijective correspondences. We tested our method over different datasets. It outperforms the previous methods in terms of map accuracy in all the tests considered.Item Generación de fenómenos naturales mediante la simulación realista de sólidos deformables en Bifrost(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Cruz, José; Jurado, Juan Manuel; Jiménez-Pérez, J. Roberto; Ortega, Lidia; Ortega, Lidia M. and Chica, AntonioLa simulación de fluidos y sólidos deformables ha sido ampliamente estudiada en Informática Gráfica. Existen diferentes soluciones que posibilitan una simulación cada vez más realista en entornos del mundo real. Para ello, los objetos se modelan geométricamente utilizando una malla de partículas. Esto permite la deformación de medios continuos asociando un conjunto de atributos a cada partícula que determinan su comportamiento y el de sus vecinas. En este trabajo se propone una herramienta interdisciplinar con la que generar simulaciones de fenómenos naturales como avalanchas o inundaciones. Gracias a este tipo de simulaciones físicamente realistas se consigue una manera efectiva de predecir y evaluar con un alto nivel de detalle el impacto producido por distintos tipos de desastres naturales.
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