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Item WWW-Based Building Information System for "Domus Severiana" Palace at Palatine in Rome by Open Source Software(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Heine, Katja; Brasse, Christiane; Wulf, Ulrike; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaThe aim of this research project is the digital documentation of the "Domus Severiana" Palace at Palatine in Rome through the integration of geometrical 3D- and non-geometrical information. The great density of information requires an efficient concept of data storage and management and an adequate means of presentation of high quality. The decision was made to develop a www-based information system based mainly on open source software modules. Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP as well as VRML-data format as open source components, were used for the information system; only the construction of the 3D-geometrical model was realized by means of commercial software. The 3D-model shows the different construction phases and depicts the reconstruction ideas at the respective different construction phases. Above all the 3D-model is the basis of joining the building information system to other sources of information, available in databases: the digital "Raumbuch", which contains all non-geometric information about the several rooms, archives of plans, drawings and photos, catalogues of the devices, brick stamps and constructions, as well as keys to literature and archives. The data storage, management and analysis are the central tasks of the project; realistic visualisation is secondary.Item Co-registration of Photogrammetric and Laser Scanner Data for Generation of 3D Visual Models(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Al-Manasir, Khalil; Fraser, Clive S.; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaNowadays, most terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) systems provide the facility of mounting a digital camera on the laser scanner. This not only facilitates a means to generate better quality photorealistically textured 3D models from TLS point clouds; it also offers the opportunity of using photogrammetric orientation techniques to complement existing methods of TLS point cloud registration. This paper describes an approach whereby a registration procedure based upon photogrammetric means is employed as the first step in integrating TLS data and imagery for the generation of textured 3D models. The approach, called image-based registration (IBR), entails an estimation of transformation parameters between the individual scan data and between digital imagery using photogrammetric bundle adjustment. Once both TLS and photogrammetric data are registered in the same coordinate system, the process of forming a segmented structured surface model and its associated triangular mesh are carried out. Photogrammetrically derived constraints are used to convert the unstructured, registered laser scanner model to a structured model. Finally, texture mapping takes place via the rectification of image patches from the integrated images used in the IBR process onto individual surface elements. Test results obtained with the proposed approach are presented to highlight its practicability and accuracy.Item Restoration of Color in Noh Masks Based on Retinex Algorithm(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Yin, Xin; Miichi, Yasuo; Tanaka, Hiromi T.; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaNoh is a famous traditional Japanese dramatic art. The restoration of ancient Noh masks is an important aspect of the preservation of cultural heritage. In this paper, we developed a technique based on Retinex algorithm and it can be applied to restore the color of 3D objects such as the Noh mask. The Retinex algorithm simulates the ability of human eye and can adjust the color of the 2D image. To apply the Retinex algorithm on the 3D surface, the shape of the object is taken into account. The original color of the target points can be got by reference to the color of the surrounding points sampled according to a uniform route. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by the implementation results. This technique can be used to infer the color of other 3D objects also.Item Haptic Navigation and Exploration of High Quality Pre-rendered Environments(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Laycock, Robert George; Laycock, Stephen David; Day, Andy M.; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaVisualising in real-time high quality virtual environments, which are suitable for cultural heritage and virtual tourism, is often a challenging endeavour. This is primarily, due to the cost of rendering complex architectural structures. Incorporating the sense of touch into real time environments enhances a user's experience, leading towards a higher level of immersion. However, the confining requirement of the haptic feedback loop to cycle at 1000Hz has led to many applications employing lower quality scenes. In this paper a technique is presented which permits high quality pre-rendered animations of dynamic environments to be both visualised and navigated at high interactive rates. In particular, the approach provides the user with the ability to touch the content of the animations and to freely orientate themselves in any direction, leading to haptically aware movies. Consequently, this permits an exploration of an otherwise prohibitively complex scene consisting of large volumes of geometry and texture maps, combined with realistic lighting models. This component is illustrated within a virtual tour framework enabling users to navigate semi-prescribed routes using haptic feedback both in a spatial and temporal context.Item Real-time Animation of Various Flame Shapes(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Bridault, Flavien; Rousselle, François; Renaud, Christophe; Leblond, Michel; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaWorking on the computer reconstruction of the Gallo-Roman forum of Bavay, we try to improve the feeling of immersion in the virtual environment. One way to achieve this is to provide realistic and dynamic light sources. In this context, we need to model candles, oil lamps, torches or bonfires. We propose in this paper a model that can handle complex flames in real-time and manage interactivity. The fire is considered as a set of linear flames whose shapes are defined by the geometry of the combustible and the fuel distribution. Each individual flame is represented by a textured NURBS surface. Then, combining several real-time effects such as glow and true transparency, we are able to make the NURBS surfaces merge in a convincing way, and to give the impression of a real fire.Item Evaluating the Social Context of ICT Applications in Museum Exhibitions(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Tost, Laia Pujol; Economou, Maria; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaThe spreading of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in exhibitions is, among other reasons, due to the wish of curators to find new ways to improve visitors experiences in museums. This has lead to an interest to understand if and how they really work as a museological and museographical element and assess their effectiveness. However, systematic studies in this field remain very limited or are not of sufficient depth. Although the technological field has a long tradition of assessment, this usually concentrates on technological, attitudinal or cognitive issues and does not take into account the specific features of the visit in a museum or cultural heritage site and the importance of the social context. This paper stresses the need to carry out and take into account the results of a systematic body of analyses dealing with how technological displays are really used. It also discusses the need to concentrate on the social dimension of the visit and use of ICT and to develop the methodological aspects. Based on previous studies and on our own research, the contribution of this paper is twofold: firstly, it provides an overview of empirical results concerning the use of different kinds of ICT exhibits and secondly, it discusses some preliminary ideas aimed at the construction of a methodology for evaluation. The aim is to establish the basic guidelines for the effective integration of ICT applications in museums and cultural heritage.Item Interactive Mobile Assistants for Added-value Cultural Contents(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Linaza, Maria Teresa; García, Ander; Susperregui, Ana; Lamsfus, Carlos; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaMultimedia technologies provide new opportunities for museums to enhance their visitors experience. However, its use brings new challenges for presentation preparation, among which are how to enrich the visit while not diverting the visitors attention from the actual objects in the museum, which should remain the focus of the visit; and how to provide a rich information space suitable for a wide variety of visitors. These challenges need to be addressed during planning and preparation of information presentations for mobile, multimedia museum visitors guides. This paper describes the design and implementation of the AMICo prototype to an exhibition room for visitors who are equipped with wirelessly connected handheld devices. The prototype has been implemented on an exhibition showing a set of architectural scale models from the famous Spanish architect Rafael Moneo hold in the Kubo exhibition centre of the Kutxa Foundation in Donostia-San Sebastian during September and October 2005. The architectural scale models were augmented with information in the form of multimedia content. Users were able to access those contents in a personalized way when in the proximity of the artwork.Item On the Digital Reconstruction and Interactive Presentation of Heritage Sites through Time(The Eurographics Association, 2006) El-Hakim, Sabry F.; MacDonald, George; Lapointe, Jean-François; Gonzo, Lorenzo; Jemtrud, Michael; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaVirtual time travel from existing remains of a heritage site to its previous states and original condition is an educational and interesting experience and can provide better understanding of history. However, digitally reconstructing non-existing objects is a challenge. The interaction and navigation within virtual 4D worlds (adding time to 3D worlds) is also problematical due to the time dimension. In this paper we developed an approach to modelling of heritage sites that has undergone changes over the years. The method creates independent models from different types of data, such as frescos and paintings, drawings, old photos, historic descriptions, and digitization of remains, then assembles and integrates these models for an interactive presentation. Several research issues had to be addressed: (1) Modelling from frescos and drawings with incorrect perspective, (2) modelling from paintings and old photos including fine geometric details from shading (3) colouring models from old photos and drawings to match the colours of existing elements, (4) the seamless and accurate integration of models created independently from different sets of data, and (5) the creation of intuitive interactive presentation that combines all the models and other useful information. We provide contributions to these issues, including our own advanced model viewer, and apply them to modelling of: destroyed Haida house of Chief Weah (Masset, Canada), the demolished and partially relocated Rideau Chapel (Ottawa, Canada), and the Stenico castle (Trentino, Italy) which undergone many changes over several centuries. Each of these diverse examples illustrates different approach for reconstructing heritage sites that changed through time.Item Combining Laser Scanning and Photogrammetry - A Hybrid Approach for Heritage Documentation(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Haala, Norbert; Alshawabkeh, Yahya; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaHigh quality 3D models of cultural heritage sites can be generated efficiently by laser scanning, which allows the accurate and dense measurement of surface geometry. In addition to the geometric data collection, texture mapping based on additionally collected digital imagery is particular important for this type of application. This requires a combined processing of range and image data sets. For this purpose, they have to be registered or aligned by a suitable transformation to a common reference coordinate system. The involved transformation parameters can be determined based on corresponding elements to be extracted from the different data sets. In the paper an efficient edge detection algorithm is presented, which allows for the automatic segmentation of such primitives even in complex scenes. In order to achieve a high quality 3D photo-realistic mode,l this alignment process has to be followed by an automatic texture mapping, which is discussed in the second part of the paper. The presented algorithms are demonstrated in the framework of a project aiming at the generation of a 3D virtual model of the Al-Khasneh, a well-known monument in Petra, and a Roman Theatre in ancient Jerash city, Jordan.Item High Quality PTM Acquisition: Reflection Transformation Imaging for Large Objects(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Dellepiane, Matteo; Corsini, Massimiliano; Callieri, Marco; Scopigno, Roberto; Marinos Ioannides and David Arnold and Franco Niccolucci and Katerina ManiaReflection Transformation Imaging has proved to be a powerful method to acquire and represent the 3D reflectance properties of an object, displaying them as a 2D image. Recently, Polynomial Texture Maps (PTM), which are relightable images created from a set of photos of the object taken under several different lighting conditions, have been used in Cultural Heritage field to document and virtually inspect several sets of small objects, such as cuneiform tablets and coins. In this paper we explore the possibility of producing high quality PTM of medium or large size objects. The aim is to analyze the acquisition pipeline, resolving all the issues related to the size of the object, and the conditions of acquisition. We will discuss issues regarding acquisition planning and data gathering. We also present a new tool to interactively browse high resolution PTMs. Moreover, we perform some quality assessment considerations, in order to study the degradation of quality of the PTMs respect to the number and position of lights used to acquire the PTM. The results of our acquisition system are presented with some examples of PTMs of large artifacts like a sarcophagus of 2.4 × 1 m size. PTM can be a good alternative to 3D scanning for capturing and representing certain class of objects, like bas-relieves, having lower costs in terms of acquisition equipment and data processing time.