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Item Automating Visualization Quality Assessment: a Case Study in Higher Education(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Holliman, Nicolas S.; Xu, Kai and Turner, MartinWe present a case study in the use of machine+human mixed intelligence for visualization quality assessment, applying automated visualization quality metrics to support the human assessment of data visualizations produced as coursework by students taking higher education courses. A set of image informatics algorithms including edge congestion, visual saliency and colour analysis generate machine analysis of student visualizations. The insight from the image informatics outputs has proved helpful for the marker in assessing the work and is also provided to the students as part of a written report on their work. Student and external reviewer comments suggest that the addition of the image informatics outputs to the standard feedback document was a positive step. We review the ethical challenges of working with assessment data and of automating assessment processes.Item Immersive WebXR Data Visualisation Tool(The Eurographics Association, 2023) Ogbonda, Ebube Glory; Vangorp, Peter; Hunter, DavidThis paper presents a study of a WebXR data visualisation tool designed for the immersive exploration of complex datasets in a 3D environment. The application developed using AFrame, D3.js, and JavaScript enables an interactive, device-agnostic platform compatible with various devices and systems. A user study is proposed to assess the tool's usability, user experience, and mental workload using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA TLX). The evaluation is planned to employ questionnaires, task completion times, and open-ended questions to gather feedback and insights. The anticipated results aim to provide insights into the effectiveness of the application in supporting users in understanding and extracting insights from complex data while delivering an engaging and intuitive experience. Future work will refine and expand the tool's capabilities by exploring interaction guidance, visualisation layout optimisation, and long-term user experience assessment. This research contributes to the growing field of immersive data visualisation and informs future tool design.Item Interweaving Data and Stories: A Case Study on Unveiling the Human Dimension of U.S. Refugee Movements through Narrative Visualisation(The Eurographics Association, 2023) Ogbonda, Ebube Glory; Roberts, Jonathan C.; Butcher, Peter W. S.; Vangorp, Peter; Hunter, DavidIn response to the escalating global refugee crisis, we present a case-study of developing an advanced tool for interpreting high-dimensional refugee data. Developed using Mapbox and D3.js, our interactive visualisation harmonises geographical and temporal dimensions of U.S. refugee data from the State Department's Refugee Processing Center. Our modular approach and robust data preprocessing enable seamless interactions among diverse visual components. The result is a narrative-driven visualisation that reveals broad immigration trends and individual refugee movements, fostering a nuanced and empathetic understanding of refugee dynamics. This work highlights the power of narrative visualisations in shaping policy decisions and promoting global discourse on the refugee crisis, marking a significant leap in data visualisation for refugee and immigration challenges.Item Visualizing Usage Data from a Diabetes Management System(The Eurographics Association, 2020) Duce, David A.; Martin, Clare; Russell, Alex; Brown, Dan; Aldea, Arantza; Alshaigy, Bedour; Harrison, Rachel; Waite, Marion; Leal, Yenny; Wos, Marzena; Fernandez-Balsells, Mercè; Real, José Manuel Fernández; Nita, Lucian; López, Beatriz; Massana, Joaquim; Avari, Parizad; Herrero, Pau; Jugnee, Narvada; Oliver, Nick; Reddy, Monika; Ritsos, Panagiotis D. and Xu, KaiThis article explores the role for visualization in interpreting data collected by a customised analytics framework within a healthcare technology project. It draws on the work of the EU-funded PEPPER project, which has created a personalised decision-support system for people with type 1 diabetes. Our approach was an exercise in exploratory visualization, as described by Bergeron's three category taxonomy. The charts revealed different patterns of interaction, including variability in insulin dosing schedule, and potential causes of rejected advice. These insights into user behaviour are of especial value to this field, as they may help clinicians and developers understand some of the obstacles that hinder the uptake of diabetes technology.Item A Gesture Recognition Model for Virtual Reality Motion Controllers(The Eurographics Association, 2020) Headleand, Chris; Williams, Benjamin; Holopainen, Jussi; Gilliam, Marlon; Ritsos, Panagiotis D. and Xu, KaiIn this paper we discuss gesture recognition in the domain of Virtual Reality (VR) video games. We begin by presenting a detailed review of the literature. Furthermore, we discuss some of the specific opportunities and challenges that are specific to the VR domain. Most commercial VR devices come with tracked motion controllers as a default interface which facilitates the possibility of gesture control. However, video games specifically require a high degree of accuracy to prevent non-gesture actions being evaluated. To tackle this challenge we present a novel modification to the Hidden Markov Model gesture recognition approach. We expand on previous work with gestures in with the implementation of an adaptive database system allowing users to quickly engage with an application without significant training. Our results on a benchmark problem shows that the approach can produce impressive accuracy rates. The results from our benchmarking shows promise for the usability of gesture based interaction systems for VR devices in the future. Our system achieves high levels of recognition accuracy competitive with the best performing existing system whilst requiring minimal user independent training.Item Classifying User Interface Accessibility for Colourblind Users(The Eurographics Association, 2023) Jamil, Amaan; Denes, Gyorgy; Vangorp, Peter; Hunter, DavidColour vision deficiency (CVD, colourblindness) is the failure or decreased ability to distinguish between certain colours even under normal lighting conditions. There are an estimated 300 million people worldwide with CVD, with approx. 1 in 12 men (8%) and 1 in 200 women (0.5%)Item 3D Visualisations Should Not be Displayed Alone - Encouraging a Need for Multivocality in Visualisation(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Roberts, Jonathan C.; Mearman, Joseph W.; Butcher, Peter W. S.; Al-Maneea, Hayder M.; Ritsos, Panagiotis D.; Xu, Kai and Turner, MartinWe believe that 3D visualisations should not be used alone; by coincidentally displaying alternative views the user can gain the best understanding of all situations. The different presentations signify manifold meanings and afford different tasks. Natural 3D worlds implicitly tell many stories. For instance, walking into a living room, seeing the TV, types of magazines, pictures on the wall, tells us much about the occupiers: their occupation, standards of living, taste in design, whether they have kids, and so on. How can we similarly create rich and diverse 3D visualisation presentations? How can we create visualisations that allow people to understand different stories from the data? In a multivariate 2D visualisation a developer may coordinate and link many views together to provide exploratory visualisation functionality. But how can this be achieved in 3D and in immersive visualisations? Different visualisation types, each have specific uses, and each has the potential to tell or evoke a different story. Through several use-cases, we discuss challenges of 3D visualisation, and present our argument for concurrent and coordinated visualisations of alternative styles, and encourage developers to consider using alternative representations with any 3D view, even if that view is displayed in a virtual, augmented or mixed reality setup.Item Interaction Framework within Collaborative Virtual Environments for Multiple Users each interacting with Multiple Degrees-Of-Freedom Controllers(The Eurographics Association, 2020) Sandoval, Mario; Morris, Tim; Turner, Martin; Ritsos, Panagiotis D. and Xu, KaiCollaboration is a process in which two or more agents work together to achieve shared goals. However, many existing platforms cannot generate a collaborative environment to engage multiple users with multiple controllers in a seamless manner. To address this need, this poster and work in progress article will describe LISU (Library for Interactive Settings and User-modes) an input management computing framework that enables collaboration across multiple input controllers as its default. Within the system team members cohabit any real-time simulation environments simultaneously and are then able to jointly control visualisation software across multiple controllers while being continually monitored and evaluated at a low level, allowing research questions to be answered.Item Learning Activities in Colours and Rainbows for Programming Skill Development(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Roberts, Jonathan C.; Xu, Kai and Turner, MartinWe present how we have created a series of bilingual (English and Welsh) STEM activities focusing on rainbows, colours, light and optical effects. The activities were motivated by the many rainbows that appeared in windows in the UK, in support of the National Health Service at the start of the coronavirus pandemic. Rainbows are hopeful and are very fitting to be used as a positive iconic image at a time of much uncertainty. In this paper we explain how we have developed and organised the activities, focusing on colours, computer graphics and computer programming. Each lesson contains one or more activities, which enable people to take an active role in their learning.We have carefully prepared and organised several processes to guide academic colleagues to create and publish different activities in the theme. Which means that the activities appear similarly structured, can be categorised and searched in a consistent way. This structure can act as a blueprint for others to follow and apply to develop their own online course. The activities incrementally take people through learning about colour, rainbows, planning what to program, design and strategies to create colourful pictures using simple computer graphics principles based in processing.org.Item RECCS: Real-Time Camera Control for Particle Systems(The Eurographics Association, 2021) Köster, Marcel; Groß, Julian; Krüger, Antonio; Xu, Kai and Turner, MartinInteractive exploration and analysis of large 3D particle systems, consisting of hundreds of thousands of particles, are common tasks in the field of scientific and information visualization. These steps typically involve selection and camera-update operations in order to reveal patterns or to focus on subsets. Moreover, if a certain region is known to be potentially interesting or a selection has been made, the user will have to choose a proper camera setup to investigate further. However, such a setup is typically chosen in a way that the interesting region is in the center of the screen. Unfortunately, it still needs to show important characteristics of the selected subset and has the least amount of occlusions with respect to other particles but shows enough context information in terms of non-selected particles. In this paper, we propose a novel method for real-time camera control in 3D particle systems that fulfills these requirements. It is based on a user and/or domain-specific evaluation heuristic and parallel optimization algorithm that is designed for Graphics-Processing Units (GPUs). In addition, our approach takes only several milliseconds to complete, even on the aforementioned large datasets while consuming only a few megabytes in global GPU memory in general. This is due the fact that we are able to reduce the processing complexity significantly using screenspace information and the excessive use of fast on-chip shared memory. This allows it to be seamlessly integrated into modern visualization systems that need real-time feedback while processing large particle-based datasets.