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Item Distributed Cooperative Visualization(Eurographics Association, 1998) Brodlie, K.W.; Duce, D.A.; Gallop, J.R.; Wood, J.D.Visualization is essentially a collaborative activity, widely used in many scientific and engineering disciplines. Visualization may be used to convey insight into phenomena that are well-understood, or to present new data with a view to finding new patterns of meaning and new phenomena. Visualization is a powerful tool in presentations (lectures, seminars, papers etc) and in discussions between colleagues. We are seeing a growth in the use of video conferencing to facilitate meetings between participants in geographically separate locations, both specialized facilities (video conference rooms) using dedicated communications channels (ISDN, ATM etc) and desktop video conferencing using the Internet and multicast (Mbone) communications. Distributed cooperative visualization aims to enhance the video conferencing environment (usually the desktop environment) with access to visualization facilities. At the most basic level, pre-generated visualizations may be shared through a shared whiteboard tool. Richer approaches enable users to share control of the kind of visualization generated and the parameters used in the generation. The World Wide Web provides a basis for asynchronous cooperative working and there are experimental extensions in the direction of cooperative browsing. VRML provides the basis for sharing 3D graphics over the Internet.We look at ways in which VRML is being used in visualization, to generate models which may be browsed by participants in a session. Asynchronous collaboration becomes possible by recording the details of the visualization created by one participant, and making this available to subsequent ‘visitors’ to the Web site. A multiuser audit trail emerges. Developments on multi-user VRML worlds also have potential applications in visualization, providing a form of synchronous collaboration. This STAR reviews the state of the art in these areas, draws out common threads in these diverse approaches and looks at strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for further development in this field.Item Report on the EEC Workshop on Graphics Certification Defining a Device Interface for Certification Miltenberg/Darmstadt, FRG25-28 April 1982(Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Eurographics Association, 1982) Brodlie, K.W.; Pfaff, G.E.The outcome of the Miltenberg meeting shows that a practical method of certification by testing (falsification) can be developed, given a reasonable amount of time and effort. It is based on semiautomatic comparison at the "device" interface of a candidate implementation against a so-called reference implementation. A prerequisite for this method is the availability of a number of isolated simple basic facilities of the candidate implementation which have been verified by pictorial testing and by testing through operator actions.To permit semi-automatic comparison, a format for describing graphical output and input items and their associated properties must be defined. The workshop produced an outline design for such a format, which can be applied at any interface within GKS at which testing might be desirable.Item Workshop Report Future Developments in Computer Graphics Teaching Eurographics Workshop - University of Leeds - Easter 1989(Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Eurographics Association, 1990) Brodlie, K.W.Item Report on Workshop on Validation of Graphics Software(Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Eurographics Association, 1985) Brodlie, K.W.; Gobel, M.