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Item Real-Time Guidance and Anatomical Information by Image Projection onto Patients(The Eurographics Association, 2016) Edwards, Marc R.; Pop, Serban R.; John, Nigel W.; Ritsos, Panagiotis D.; Avis, Nick; Stefan Bruckner and Bernhard Preim and Anna Vilanova and Helwig Hauser and Anja Hennemuth and Arvid LundervoldThe Image Projection onto Patients (IPoP) system is work in progress intended to assist medical practitioners perform procedures such as biopsies, or provide a novel anatomical education tool, by projecting anatomy and other relevant information from the operating room directly onto a patient's skin. This approach is not currently used widely in hospitals but has the benefit of providing effective procedure guidance without the practitioner having to look away from the patient. Developmental work towards the alpha-phase of IPoP is presented including tracking methods for tools such as biopsy needles, patient tracking, image registration and problems encountered with the multi-mirror effect.Item A Mixed Reality Anatomy Teaching Tool(The Eurographics Association, 2006) Thomas, Rhys G.; John, Nigel W.; Lim, Ik Soo; Louise M. Lever and Mary McDerbyIn this paper we present an inexpensive Mixed Reality software tool for training medical students in anatomy. The software integrates the ARToolkit and Visualization Toolkit (VTK) to create a novel interactive environment in which the user can manipulate the position and orientation of the volume rendering using a plastic model of the organ to be observed. The volume rendering can then be clipped relative to an arbitrary plane to reveal data from its interior, using a second prop.Item Appearance Modelling of Living Human Tissues(© 2019 Eurographics ‐ The European Association for Computer Graphics and John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019) Nunes, Augusto L.P.; Maciel, Anderson; Meyer, Gary W.; John, Nigel W.; Baranoski, Gladimir V.G.; Walter, Marcelo; Chen, Min and Benes, BedrichThe visual fidelity of realistic renderings in Computer Graphics depends fundamentally upon how we model the appearance of objects resulting from the interaction between light and matter reaching the eye. In this paper, we survey the research addressing appearance modelling of living human tissue. Among the many classes of natural materials already researched in Computer Graphics, living human tissues such as blood and skin have recently seen an increase in attention from graphics research. There is already an incipient but substantial body of literature on this topic, but we also lack a structured review as presented here. We introduce a classification for the approaches using the four types of human tissues as classifiers. We show a growing trend of solutions that use first principles from Physics and Biology as fundamental knowledge upon which the models are built. The organic quality of visual results provided by these approaches is mainly determined by the optical properties of biophysical components interacting with light. Beyond just picture making, these models can be used in predictive simulations, with the potential for impact in many other areas.The visual fidelity of realistic renderings in Computer Graphics depends fundamentally upon how we model the appearance of objects resulting from the inter action between light and matter reaching the eye. In this paper, we survey the research addressing appearance modelling of living human tissue. Among the many classes of natural materials already researched in Computer Graphics, living human tissues such as blood and skin have recently seen an increase in attention from graphics research. There is already an incipient but substantial body of literature on this topic, but we also lack a structured review as presented here. We introduce a classification for the approaches using the four types of human tissues as classifiers. We show a growing trend of solutions that use first principles from Physics and Biology as fundamental knowledge upon which the models are built.Item Chemical Education using Feelable Molecules(The Eurographics Association, 2009) Davies, R. Andrew; Maskery, James S.; John, Nigel W.; Dieter W. Fellner and Alexei Sourin and Johannes Behr and Krzysztof WalczakTwo different approaches for the preparation of novel cost-effective molecular haptic applications (Figure 1) are described. The former utilises Perl scripting within a commercial molecular modelling package to generate static / animated H3D scene graphs for haptic CPK space-filling atomic perception. Within the second approach, key chemical concepts such as reactivity, aciditity and periodicity can be investigated using prototype H3D user interfaces.Item Anatomy Education using Rapid Prototyping(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Thomas, Rhys G.; John, Nigel W.; Lim, Ik Soo; Ik Soo Lim and David DuceRapid Prototyping is a technique which is rapidly gaining interest amongst the medical community for many different purposes. In this paper we present a novel tool that uses rapidly prototyped models to serve as an interaction device for the teaching of anatomy. The user interacts with volume data of real human organs in an Augmented Reality environment delivered via a Head-Mounted Display. We include a description of how all of the key parts of the system operate and describe their integration. Our hypothesis is that this approach provides an effective and compelling alternative to cadaver based anatomy education.Item A Flexible Approach to High Performance Visualization Enabled Augmented Reality(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Hughes, Chris J.; John, Nigel W.; Ik Soo Lim and David DuceCommonly registration and tracking within Augmented Reality (AR) applications have been built around computer vision techniques that use limited bold markers, which allow for their orientation to be estimated in real-time. All attempts to implement AR without specific markers have increased the computational requirements and some information about the environment is still needed. In this paper we describe a method that not only provides a flexible platform for supporting AR but also seamlessly deploys High Performance Computing (HPC) resources to deal with the additional computational load, as part of the distributed High Performance Visualization (HPV) pipeline used to render the virtual artifacts. Repeatable feature points are extracted from known views of a real object and then we match the best stored view to the users viewpoint using the matched feature points to estimate the objects pose. We also show how our AR framework can then be used in the real world by presenting a markerless AR interface for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).Item Adaptive Infrastructure for Visual Computing(The Eurographics Association, 2007) Brodlie, K. W.; Brooke, J.; Chen, M.; Chisnall, D.; Hughes, C. J.; John, Nigel W.; Jones, M. W.; Riding, M.; Roard, N.; Turner, M.; Wood, J. D.; Ik Soo Lim and David DuceRecent hardware and software advances have demonstrated that it is now practicable to run large visual computing tasks over heterogeneous hardware with output on multiple types of display devices. As the complexity of the enabling infrastructure increases, then so too do the demands upon the programmer for task integration as well as the demands upon the users of the system. This places importance on system developers to create systems that reduce these demands. Such a goal is an important factor of autonomic computing, aspects of which we have used to influence our work. In this paper we develop a model of adaptive infrastructure for visual systems. We design and implement a simulation engine for visual tasks in order to allow a system to inspect and adapt itself to optimise usage of the underlying infrastructure. We present a formal abstract representation of the visualization pipeline, from which a user interface can be generated automatically, along with concrete pipelines for the visualization. By using this abstract representation it is possible for the system to adapt at run time. We demonstrate the need for, and the technical feasibility of, the system using several example applications.Item Efficient Soft Tissue Modelling Using Charged Particle Control Points(The Eurographics Association, 2008) Buckley, Oliver; John, Nigel W.; Katerina Mania and Eric ReinhardAs the performance levels of personal computers increases so does the desire for more realistic and immersive software and simulation. An area where this is particularly the case is that of medical training simulation, where there is an increasing demand for high fidelity virtual environments. However, realistically modeling of soft tissue deformation still poses a considerable challenge especially when haptic feedback is required. This paper presents a new approach to soft tissue deformation using a novel Charged Particle method to control the haptic rendering while also adding a further level of realism by incorporating independent high resolution visualization to the simulation.Item Visual Supercomputing: Technologies, Applications and Challenges(The Eurographics Association and Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2005) Brodlie, Ken; Brooke, John; Chen, Min; Chisnall, David; Fewings, Ade; Hughes, Chris; John, Nigel W.; Jones, Mark W.; Riding, Mark; Roard, NicolasIf we were to have a Grid infrastructure for visualization, what technologies would be needed to build such an infrastructure, what kind of applications would benefit from it, and what challenges are we facing in order to accomplish this goal? In this survey paper, we make use of the term visual supercomputing to encapsulate a subject domain concerning the infrastructural technology for visualization. We consider a broad range of scientific and technological advances in computer graphics and visualization, which are relevant to visual supercomputing. We identify the state-of-the-art technologies that have prepared us for building such an infrastructure. We examine a collection of applications that would benefit enormously from such an infrastructure, and discuss their technical requirements. We propose a set of challenges that may guide our strategic efforts in the coming years.Item An Endoscope Interface for Immersive Virtual Reality(The Eurographics Association, 2020) John, Nigel W.; Day, Thomas W.; Wardle, Terrence; Kozlíková, Barbora and Krone, Michael and Smit, Noeska and Nieselt, Kay and Raidou, Renata GeorgiaThis is a work in progress paper that describes a novel endoscope interface designed for use in an immersive virtual reality surgical simulator. We use an affordable off the shelf head mounted display to recreate the operating theatre environment. A hand held controller has been adapted so that it feels like the trainee is holding an endoscope controller with the same functionality. The simulator allows the endoscope shaft to be inserted into a virtual patient and pushed forward to a target position. The paper describes how we have built this surgical simulator with the intention of carrying out a full clinical study in the near future.
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