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Item WithTeeth: Denture Preview in Augmented Reality(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Amirkhanov, Aleksandr; Amirkhanov, Artem; Bernhard, Matthias; Toth, Zsolt; Stiller, Sabine; Geier, Andreas; Gröller, Eduard; Mistelbauer, Gabriel; Beck, Fabian and Dachsbacher, Carsten and Sadlo, FilipDentures are prosthetic devices replacing missing or damaged teeth, often used for dental reconstruction. Dental reconstruction improves the functional state and aesthetic appearance of teeth. State-of-the-art methods used by dental technicians typically do not include the aesthetic analysis, which often leads to unsatisfactory results for patients. In this paper, we present a virtual mirror approach for a dental treatment preview in augmented reality. Different denture presets are visually evaluated and compared by switching them on the fly. Our main goals are to provide a virtual dental treatment preview to facilitate early feedback, and hence to build the confidence and trust of patients in the outcome. The workflow of our algorithm is as follows. First, the face is detected and 2D facial landmarks are extracted. Then, 3D pose estimation of upper and lower jaws is performed and high-quality 3D models of the upper and lower dentures are fitted. The fitting uses the occlusal plane angle as determined mnually by dental technicians. To provide a realistic impression of the virtual teeth, the dentures are rendered with motion blur. We demonstrate the robustness and visual quality of our approach by comparing the results of a webcam to a DSLR camera under natural, as well as controlled lighting conditions.Item Pelvis Runner: Visualizing Pelvic Organ Variability in a Cohort of Radiotherapy Patients(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Grossmann, Nicolas; Casares-Magaz, Oscar; Muren, Ludvig Paul; Moiseenko, Vitali; Einck, John P.; Gröller, Eduard; Raidou, Renata Georgia; Kozlíková, Barbora and Linsen, Lars and Vázquez, Pere-Pau and Lawonn, Kai and Raidou, Renata GeorgiaIn radiation therapy, anatomical changes in the patient might lead to deviations between the planned and delivered dose- including inadequate tumor coverage, and overradiation of healthy tissues. Exploring and analyzing anatomical changes throughout the entire treatment period can help clinical researchers to design appropriate treatment strategies, while identifying patients that are more prone to radiation-induced toxicity. We present the Pelvis Runner, a novel application for exploring the variability of segmented pelvic organs in multiple patients, across the entire radiation therapy treatment process. Our application addresses (i) the global exploration and analysis of pelvic organ shape variability in an abstracted tabular view and (ii) the local exploration and analysis thereof in anatomical 2D/3D views, where comparative and ensemble visualizations are integrated. The workflow is based on available retrospective cohort data, which incorporate segmentations of the bladder, the prostate, and the rectum through the entire radiation therapy process. The Pelvis Runner is applied to four usage scenarios, which were conducted with two clinical researchers, i.e., medical physicists. Our application provides clinical researchers with promising support in demonstrating the significance of treatment plan adaptation to anatomical changes.Item VisualFlatter - Visual Analysis of Distortions in the Projection of Biomedical Structures(The Eurographics Association, 2018) Grossmann, Nicolas; Köppel, Thomas; Gröller, Eduard; Raidou, Renata Georgia; Puig Puig, Anna and Schultz, Thomas and Vilanova, Anna and Hotz, Ingrid and Kozlikova, Barbora and Vázquez, Pere-PauProjections of complex anatomical or biological structures from 3D to 2D are often used by visualization and domain experts to facilitate inspection and understanding. Representing complex structures, such as organs or molecules, in a simpler 2D way often requires less interaction, while enabling comparability. However, the most commonly employed projection methods introduce size or shape distortions, in the resulting 2D representations. While simple projections display known distortion patterns, more complex projection algorithms are not easily predictable.We propose the VisualFlatter, a visual analysis tool that enables visualization and domain experts to explore and analyze projection-induced distortions, in a structured way. Our tool provides a way to identify projected regions with semantically relevant distortions and allows users to comparatively analyze distortion outcomes, either from alternative projection methods or due to different setups through the projection pipeline. The user is given the ability to improve the initial projection configuration, after comparing different setups. We demonstrate the functionality of our tool using four scenarios of 3D to 2D projections, conducted with the help of domain or visualization experts working on different application fields. We also performed a wider evaluation with 13 participants, familiar with projections, to assess the usability and functionality of the Visual Flatter.Item preha: Establishing Precision Rehabilitation with Visual Analytics(The Eurographics Association, 2019) Bernold, Georg; Matkovic, Kresimir; Gröller, Eduard; Raidou, Renata Georgia; Kozlíková, Barbora and Linsen, Lars and Vázquez, Pere-Pau and Lawonn, Kai and Raidou, Renata GeorgiaThis design study paper describes preha, a novel visual analytics application in the field of in-patient rehabilitation. We conducted extensive interviews with the intended users, i.e., engineers and clinical rehabilitation experts, to determine specific requirements of their analytical process.We identified nine tasks, for which suitable solutions have been designed and developed in the flexible environment of kibana. Our application is used to analyze existing rehabilitation data from a large cohort of 46,000 patients, and it is the first integrated solution of its kind. It incorporates functionalities for data preprocessing (profiling, wrangling and cleansing), storage, visualization, and predictive analysis on the basis of retrospective outcomes. A positive feedback from the first evaluation with domain experts indicates the usefulness of the newly proposed approach and represents a solid foundation for the introduction of visual analytics to the rehabilitation domain.Item ManyLands: A Journey Across 4D Phase Space of Trajectories(The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019) Amirkhanov, Aleksandr; Kosiuk, Ilona; Szmolyan, Peter; Amirkhanov, Artem; Mistelbauer, Gabriel; Gröller, Eduard; Raidou, Renata Georgia; Lee, Jehee and Theobalt, Christian and Wetzstein, GordonMathematical models of ordinary differential equations are used to describe and understand biological phenomena. These models are dynamical systems that often describe the time evolution of more than three variables, i.e., their dynamics take place in a multi-dimensional space, called the phase space. Currently, mathematical domain scientists use plots of typical trajectories in the phase space to analyze the qualitative behavior of dynamical systems. These plots are called phase portraits and they perform well for 2D and 3D dynamical systems. However, for 4D, the visual exploration of trajectories becomes challenging, as simple subspace juxtaposition is not sufficient. We propose ManyLands to support mathematical domain scientists in analyzing 4D models of biological systems. By describing the subspaces as Lands, we accompany domain scientists along a continuous journey through 4D HyperLand, 3D SpaceLand, and 2D FlatLand, using seamless transitions. The Lands are also linked to 1D TimeLines. We offer an additional dissected view of trajectories that relies on small-multiple compass-alike pictograms for easy navigation across subspaces and trajectory segments of interest. We show three use cases of 4D dynamical systems from cell biology and biochemistry. An informal evaluation with mathematical experts confirmed that ManyLands helps them to visualize and analyze complex 4D dynamics, while facilitating mathematical experiments and simulations.