@manual{ICDM2012,
  title        = {Information Display Measurements Standard (IDMS), Version 1.03},
  author       = {{International Committee for Display Metrology (ICDM)}},
  organization = {Society for Information Display (SID)},
  year         = {2012},
  month        = {6},
  url          = {https://www.sid.org/Standards/ICDM#8271527-idms-download},
  note         = {Abgerufen am 18. Februar 2026}
}

@book{ves2023virtualproduction,
  editor    = {Fink, Noah and Sawicki, Mark},
  title     = {The VES Handbook of Virtual Production},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  year      = {2023},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {9781032120371},
  url       = {https://vesglobal.org/the-ves-handbook-of-virtual-production/},
  note      = {Visual Effects Society}
}

@article{Longetal2024,
  author    = {David Long and Rod Bogart and Spencer Stephens and Catherine Meininger and Joseph Goldstone and Tim Kang and Kathryn Brillhart and Jim Geduldick},
  title     = {Color Management Principles for LED Panels in On-Set Virtual Production},
  journal   = {SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal},
  volume    = {134},
  number    = {2},
  pages     = {17--XX},
  year      = {2025},
  month     = {Apr},
  publisher = {Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)},
  issn      = {1545-0279, 2160-2492},
  doi       = {10.5594/JMI.2025/XEJK1138},
  keywords  = {color management, color workflows, virtual production, color pipelines, led panels}
}

@article{Longetal2024_old,
  author  = {Long, David and Bogart, Rod and Stephens, Spencer and Meininger, Catherine and Kang, Tim and Brillhart, Kathryn and Geduldick, Jim},
  title   = {Color Management Principles for LED Panels in On-Set Virtual Production},
  journal = {SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal},
  year    = {2024},
  volume  = {133},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {31--42},
  doi     = {10.5594/JMI.2023.3308812}
}

@article{boher2016optical,
  author  = {Boher, Pierre and Leroux, Thierry and Bignon, Thibault and Collomb-Patton, V{\'e}ronique},
  title   = {72-3: Optical Characterization of a Transparent {LCD} Using a {F}ourier-Optics Multispectral Viewing-Angle System},
  journal = {SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers},
  volume  = {47},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {982--985},
  year    = {2016},
  doi     = {10.1002/sdtp.10891},
  url     = {https://sid.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sdtp.10891}
}

@article{long_color_nodate,
	title = {Color Management Principles for {LED} Panels in On-Set Virtual Production},
	author = {Long, David and Bogart, Rod and Stephens, Spencer and Meininger, Catherine and Kang, Tim and Brillhart, Kathryn and Geduldick, Jim},
	langid = {english},
	file = {PDF:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/Z2253SCD/Long et al. - Color Management Principles for LED Panels in On-Set Virtual Production.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{gudemann_color_2022,
	title = {Color Reproduction in {LED} Wall Virtual Production Stages},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {2166-9635},
	url = {https://library.imaging.org/cic/articles/30/1/21},
	doi = {10.2352/CIC.2022.30.1.21},
	abstract = {Virtual production stages with {LED} walls utilize illumination, display, and camera equipment which was not designed with this use case in mind. Because the spectral sensitivity of a camera is different from a human observer, a device specific calibration is required. Furthermore, the illumination spectrum emitted by the display contains large gaps in the cyan and yellow wavelength ranges and is dissimilar to the light sources for which cameras are designed. This causes object colors to be reproduced by the camera in an unnatural manner, making cinematographers hesitant to use {LED} walls as their primary light source.},
	pages = {109--117},
	number = {1},
	journaltitle = {Color and Imaging Conference},
	shortjournal = {cic},
	author = {Gudemann, Laurent and Fröhlich, Jan and Brendel, Harald},
	urldate = {2025-04-20},
	date = {2022-11-15},
	langid = {english},
	file = {PDF:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/VVBBZUNW/Gudemann et al. - 2022 - Color Reproduction in LED Wall Virtual Production Stages.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@inproceedings{yu_real-time_2025,
	location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
	title = {Real-Time Multispectral Lighting Reproduction},
	isbn = {9798400715495},
	url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3721250.3743035},
	doi = {10.1145/3721250.3743035},
	series = {{SIGGRAPH} Posters '25},
	abstract = {We present a real-time algorithm for driving multispectral {LED} lights in a spherical lighting reproduction stage to achieve optimal color rendition for a dynamic lighting environment. Previous work has driven multispectral {LED} lights (ours include red, green, blue, white, and amber {LEDs}) by solving a nonnegative least squares ({NNLS}) problem for each light source; the solution ensures that each light appears to be the correct {RGB} color seen by the camera and also optimizes how closely the lights illuminate a color chart to appear as it should in the target lighting environment. We create a real-time version of this technique by pre-computing a lookup table of these {NNLS} solutions across the full range of input {RGB} values. Since the proper relative mix of {LEDs} depends on chrominance and not on luminance, our lookup table can be reduced to 2D saving both storage and computation. With this technique, we can drive several thousand multispectral {LED} lights at video frame rates with proper color matching and color rendition for a dynamic lighting environment.},
	pages = {1--3},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Posters},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Yu, Xueming and George, David and Millward, John and Debevec, Paul},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	date = {2025-08-10},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/QZ63LHER/Yu et al. - 2025 - Real-Time Multispectral Lighting Reproduction.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@online{noauthor_open_nodate,
	title = {“Open Source In-camera Visual Effects Calibration Workflow” by Payne and Giardiello},
	url = {https://history.siggraph.org/learning/open-source-in-camera-visual-effects-calibration-workflow-by-payne-and-giardiello/},
	titleaddon = {{ACM} {SIGGRAPH} {HISTORY} {ARCHIVES}},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	langid = {american},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/3QMPU5AI/open-source-in-camera-visual-effects-calibration-workflow-by-payne-and-giardiello.html:text/html},
}

@book{international_committee_for_display_metrology_information_2025,
	edition = {1.3},
	title = {Information Display Measurements Standard},
	isbn = {9798991138611},
	url = {https://www.sid.org/Standards/ICDM#8271521-idmsv13},
	abstract = {This document consists of standard measurement procedures to quantify electronic display characteristics and qualities. However, it is also a document that discusses display metrology or the science of display measurements in that it reveals some of the problems associated with making display measurements, contains diagnostics to reveal those problems, and offers solutions to these measurement difficulties. In general, we avoid setting any performance criteria or performance minima. The hope is to serve standards organizations that wish to minimize the amount of space dedicated to measurement descriptions and refer to this document instead. Consider the measurements in this document to be a buffet from which the desired measurement methods can be selected depending upon the needs of the user.},
	publisher = {Society for Information Display},
	author = {{International Committee for Display Metrology}},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	date = {2025-05-31},
	doi = {10.55410/HHXO3592},
}

@thesis{ng_investigation_2025,
	title = {Investigation of Color-Over-Angle in Multi-Chip Array {LEDs}},
	url = {https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/thesis/Investigation_of_Color-Over-Angle_in_Multi-Chip_Array_LEDs/30745235/1},
	abstract = {Color-over-Angle ({CoA}) describes the perceptible color shift that occurs at different emission angles from a light source. Excessive {CoA} can negatively impact user experience in illumination applications, such as wall washers. This thesis presents an extensive investigation into {CoA} in chip-on-board ({COB}) multi-array light-emitting diodes ({LEDs}), a topic that remains underexplored. Several key factors including brightness, C-plane geometry, and phosphor coatings have yet to be systematically examined using comprehensive methodologies that integrate color perception analysis and psychophysical testing to define practical {CoA} specifications.},
	institution = {Monash University},
	type = {thesis},
	author = {Ng, Kok Eng},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	date = {2025-11-30},
	langid = {english},
	doi = {10.26180/30745235.v1},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/UV3ME7SE/30745235.html:text/html},
}

@online{noauthor_ies_nodate,
	title = {{IES} Specification {LM} 63 2002 {PDF} {\textbar} {PDF} {\textbar} Lighting {\textbar} Ellipse},
	url = {https://www.scribd.com/document/366070210/209198823-IES-Specification-LM-63-2002-pdf},
	abstract = {This document describes the {ANSI}/{IESNA} {LM}-63-02 standard file format for electronically transferring photometric data. It defines key terms like absolute photometry, delimiters, goniophotometers, and horizontal/vertical angles. The standard has been revised to clarify definitions, require additional keywords, expand luminous opening definitions, and remove certain keywords and data ranges. Files must end in .ies and contain headings, lamp/luminaire data, and candela values arranged by angle. Tilt files may also be included or referenced.},
	titleaddon = {Scribd},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	langid = {german},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/JCDGURBR/209198823-IES-Specification-LM-63-2002-pdf.html:text/html},
}

@online{noauthor_iso_nodate,
	title = {{ISO} 12646:2015},
	url = {https://www.iso.org/standard/57311.html},
	shorttitle = {{ISO} 12646},
	abstract = {Graphic technology — Displays for colour proofing — Characteristics},
	titleaddon = {{ISO}},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	langid = {english},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/TMI5BVHY/57311.html:text/html},
}

@inproceedings{payne_openvpcal_2022,
	location = {New York, {NY}, {USA}},
	title = {“{OpenVPCal}”: An Open Source In-Camera Visual Effects Calibration Framework},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-9371-3},
	url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3532836.3536265},
	doi = {10.1145/3532836.3536265},
	series = {{SIGGRAPH} '22},
	shorttitle = {“{OpenVPCal}”},
	abstract = {This presentation introduces the {OpenVPCal} toolset, an open source in-camera visual effects calibration framework. The toolset includes reference patch generation, creation of calibration color transforms, and custom 1D roll off lookup tables ({LUTs}) to control content brightness while attempting to maintain a linear light output from the {LED} panels. The resulting transforms can be expressed via an {OpenColorIO} Config [{OCIO} Contributors 2022] file, making tracking and transport easier for productions to manage and reproduce. We hope that by making this workflow open source and accessible, it will increase dialogue between practitioners in the space, leading to new novel improvements for creating more amazing content worldwide.},
	pages = {1--2},
	booktitle = {{ACM} {SIGGRAPH} 2022 Talks},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Payne, Carol and Giardiello, Francesco Luigi},
	urldate = {2026-01-28},
	date = {2022-07-24},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/ZG5MRI5T/Payne und Giardiello - 2022 - “OpenVPCal” An Open Source In-Camera Visual Effec.pdf:application/pdf},
}


@article{swords_emergence_2024,
	abstract = {Virtual production is increasingly seen as a way to make film and television more efficiently by harnessing the power of game engines to create unique locations and sets, offer directors more flexibility, and to cut carbon emissions. But while the technologies at the centre of virtual production are not new, their combination into filmmaking pipelines is in its infancy and the field is evolving fast. Indeed, so rapid is its evolution that pinning down what virtual production is, or might become, is a challenge in itself. What is clear, however, is that the approach is seen as an important element of filmmaking that is here to stay. In this article, we outline the emergence of virtual production and constituent technologies to pin down its current form. We also examine the emergent orthodoxies about what virtual production can do, what it can't do and what it might allow filmmakers to do in the future. We finish the article by outlining a research agenda for further work on virtual production for scholars interested in its technologies, impact on working practices, how it might impact equality, diversity and equality agendas, and its implications for existing and emerging skills gaps across the film and {TV} industry.},
	author = {Swords, Jon and Willment, Nina},
	date = {2024-10-01},
	doi = {10.1177/13548565241253903},
	file = {SAGE PDF Full Text:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/6SB6ITVB/Swords und Willment - 2024 - The emergence of virtual production -- a research a.pdf:application/pdf},
	issn = {1354-8565},
	journaltitle = {Convergence},
	note = {Publisher: {SAGE} Publications Ltd},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1557--1574},
	title = {The emergence of virtual production -- a research agenda},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565241253903},
	urldate = {2026-01-29},
	volume = {30},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565241253903}}


@online{noauthor_ves_2023,
	abstract = {The Most Comprehensive Guide to Virtual Production Techniques},
	date = {2023-10-11},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/VCLIGUI6/the-ves-handbook-of-virtual-production.html:text/html},
	langid = {american},
	title = {The {VES} Handbook of Virtual Production - Visual Effects Society},
	url = {https://vesglobal.org/the-ves-handbook-of-virtual-production/},
	urldate = {2026-01-29},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://vesglobal.org/the-ves-handbook-of-virtual-production/}}


@manual{iesna_lm63_02,
  title        = {{ANSI/IESNA LM-63-02}: {Standard File Format for the Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information}},
  author       = {{The Subcommittee on Photometry of the IESNA Computer Committee}},
  organization = {Illuminating Engineering Society of North America},
  year         = {2002},
  address      = {New York, NY},
  note         = {Approved August 4, 2002},
  url          = {https://webstore.ansi.org/preview-pages/IESNA/preview_ANSI+IESNA+LM-63-02.pdf}
}

@article{jacobs_rayfiles_2015,
	title = {Rayfiles including spectral and colorimetric information},
	volume = {23},
	rights = {© 2015 Optical Society of America},
	issn = {1094-4087},
	url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-23-7-A361},
	doi = {10.1364/OE.23.00A361},
	abstract = {To obtain realistic results in lighting simulation software, realistic models of light sources are needed. A near-field model of a light source is accurate, and can be obtained by a near-field goniophotometer. This type of goniophotometer is conventionally equipped with a V(λ)-filter. However, the advent of new light sources with spatial- or angular color variations necessitates the inclusion of spectral information about the source. We demonstrate a method to include spectral information of a light source in ray tracing. We measured the relative angular variation of the spectrum of an {OLED} using a spectroradiometer mounted on a near-field goniophotometer. Principal component analysis ({PCA}) is exploited to reduce the amount of data that needs to be stored. Also a photometric ray file of the {OLED} was obtained. To construct a set of monochromatic ray files, the luminous flux in the original ray file is redistributed over a set of wavelengths and stored in separate ray files. The redistribution depends on the angle of emission and the spectral irradiance measured in that direction. These ray files are then inserted in ray tracing software {TracePro}. Using the {OLED} as a test source, the absolute spectral irradiance is calculated at an arbitrary position. The result is validated using a spectroradiometer to obtain the absolute spectral irradiance at that particular point. A good agreement between the simulated and measured absolute spectral irradiance is found. Furthermore, a set of tristimulus ray files is constructed and used in ray tracing software to generate a u′v′-color coordinate distribution on a surface. These values are in agreement with the color coordinate distribution found using the spectral ray files. Whenever spectral or color information is desired at a task area, the proposed method allows for a fast and efficient way to improve the accuracy of simulations using ray tracing.},
	pages = {A361--A370},
	number = {7},
	journaltitle = {Optics Express},
	shortjournal = {Opt. Express, {OE}},
	author = {Jacobs, Valéry Ann and Audenaert, Jan and Bleumers, Johan and Durinck, Guy and Rombauts, Patrick and Hanselaer, Peter},
	urldate = {2026-01-29},
	date = {2015-04-06},
	note = {Publisher: Optica Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Light sources, Optical components, Optical systems, Ray tracing, Spatial resolution, White light emitting diodes},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/I2ZZQMS3/Jacobs et al. - 2015 - Rayfiles including spectral and colorimetric infor.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{legendre_practical_2016,
	title = {Practical multispectral lighting reproduction},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {0730-0301},
	url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2897824.2925934},
	doi = {10.1145/2897824.2925934},
	abstract = {We present a practical framework for reproducing omnidirectional incident illumination conditions with complex spectra using a light stage with multispectral {LED} lights. For lighting acquisition, we augment standard {RGB} panoramic photography with one or more observations of a color chart with numerous reflectance spectra. We then solve for how to drive the multispectral light sources so that they best reproduce the appearance of the color charts in the original lighting. Even when solving for non-negative intensities, we show that accurate lighting reproduction is achievable using just four or six distinct {LED} spectra for a wide range of incident illumination spectra. A significant benefit of our approach is that it does not require the use of specialized equipment (other than the light stage) such as monochromators, spectroradiometers, or explicit knowledge of the {LED} power spectra, camera spectral response functions, or color chart reflectance spectra. We describe two simple devices for multispectral lighting capture, one for slow measurements of detailed angular spectral detail, and one for fast measurements with coarse angular detail. We validate the approach by realistically compositing real subjects into acquired lighting environments, showing accurate matches to how the subject would actually look within the environments, even for those including complex multispectral illumination. We also demonstrate dynamic lighting capture and playback using the technique.},
	pages = {32:1--32:11},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {{ACM} Trans. Graph.},
	author = {{LeGendre}, Chloe and Yu, Xueming and Liu, Dai and Busch, Jay and Jones, Andrew and Pattanaik, Sumanta and Debevec, Paul},
	urldate = {2026-01-29},
	date = {2016-07-11},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/chrisbeck/Zotero/storage/B94BCN5M/LeGendre et al. - 2016 - Practical multispectral lighting reproduction.pdf:application/pdf},
}
