1 00:00:02,302 --> 00:00:06,106 We present a technique to print physical prototypes 2 00:00:06,106 --> 00:00:07,440 with the main characteristics 3 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:08,875 of watercolors 4 00:00:08,975 --> 00:00:10,910 using a photograph as input. 5 00:00:11,311 --> 00:00:12,445 Our prints combine 6 00:00:12,445 --> 00:00:13,413 fine details 7 00:00:13,413 --> 00:00:14,848 & subtle color gradients 8 00:00:14,848 --> 00:00:16,916 & exhibit delicate patterns 9 00:00:16,916 --> 00:00:17,917 created by water. 10 00:00:20,020 --> 00:00:21,855 We achieve reproducibility by 11 00:00:21,855 --> 00:00:23,423 printing with woodblocks. 12 00:00:24,557 --> 00:00:25,792 In woodblock printing the 13 00:00:25,792 --> 00:00:27,994 negative of a single colored 14 00:00:27,994 --> 00:00:29,162 image is carved on a flat 15 00:00:29,162 --> 00:00:30,163 wood surface. 16 00:00:31,531 --> 00:00:33,066 Ink is applied on it 17 00:00:33,066 --> 00:00:34,667 before is pressed on a paper. 18 00:00:36,369 --> 00:00:38,371 The woodblocks are designed by 19 00:00:38,371 --> 00:00:40,407 our image processing pipeline 20 00:00:40,407 --> 00:00:42,609 and carved by a laser-cutter. 21 00:00:42,609 --> 00:00:43,343 {\an8}A photograph with 22 00:00:43,343 --> 00:00:44,344 {\an8}the desired theme 23 00:00:44,377 --> 00:00:45,545 {\an8}is given as input. 24 00:00:45,545 --> 00:00:46,946 {\an8}We use a color palette 25 00:00:46,946 --> 00:00:48,214 {\an8}extraction algorithm 26 00:00:48,248 --> 00:00:49,582 {\an8}based on K-means 27 00:00:49,582 --> 00:00:50,984 {\an8}to output the “color map”. 28 00:00:51,618 --> 00:00:52,285 {\an8}The color “color map” 29 00:00:52,285 --> 00:00:53,319 {\an8}assigns pixels 30 00:00:53,319 --> 00:00:55,088 {\an8}to a set of watercolor paints 31 00:00:55,088 --> 00:00:56,356 {\an8}with the same size 32 00:00:56,356 --> 00:00:56,956 {\an8}and appearance 33 00:00:56,956 --> 00:00:58,625 {\an8}as the color palette. 34 00:00:59,459 --> 00:01:00,226 {\an8}A multiclass image 35 00:01:00,226 --> 00:01:01,161 {\an8}segmentation algorithm 36 00:01:01,161 --> 00:01:02,896 {\an8}based on a probabilistic 37 00:01:02,896 --> 00:01:04,364 {\an8}graphical model 38 00:01:04,364 --> 00:01:05,899 {\an8}maps the pixels to a set 39 00:01:05,899 --> 00:01:07,300 {\an8}of user proposed semantic 40 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:09,202 {\an8}classes and outputs the 41 00:01:09,202 --> 00:01:10,537 {\an8}“semantic map”. 42 00:01:10,870 --> 00:01:12,439 {\an8}Next a defocus estimation 43 00:01:12,439 --> 00:01:13,440 {\an8}algorithm outputs 44 00:01:13,473 --> 00:01:15,008 {\an8}the "smoothness map”. 45 00:01:15,475 --> 00:01:16,743 {\an8}The darker the color value 46 00:01:16,743 --> 00:01:17,911 {\an8}the sharper the photograph 47 00:01:17,911 --> 00:01:19,012 {\an8}is on that pixel. 48 00:01:19,479 --> 00:01:20,046 {\an8}We combine 49 00:01:20,046 --> 00:01:21,114 {\an8}the “semantic map” 50 00:01:21,114 --> 00:01:22,115 {\an8}the “smoothness map” 51 00:01:22,115 --> 00:01:24,017 {\an8}and the designer given threshold 52 00:01:24,017 --> 00:01:25,985 {\an8}to get the “water map” image. 53 00:01:26,519 --> 00:01:28,354 {\an8}White and black represent areas 54 00:01:28,354 --> 00:01:30,056 {\an8}that watercolors and drycolors 55 00:01:30,056 --> 00:01:31,391 {\an8}are applied respectively. 56 00:01:31,958 --> 00:01:33,193 {\an8}The user selects the 57 00:01:33,193 --> 00:01:33,860 {\an8}area of interest. 58 00:01:34,594 --> 00:01:35,528 {\an8}First we print the 59 00:01:35,528 --> 00:01:36,529 {\an8}masking fluid 60 00:01:37,097 --> 00:01:38,298 a rubber material that 61 00:01:38,298 --> 00:01:40,100 {\an8}controls the water application. 62 00:01:40,633 --> 00:01:41,668 {\an8}For the design of the 63 00:01:41,668 --> 00:01:42,969 {\an8}masking fluid woodblock 64 00:01:43,169 --> 00:01:45,038 {\an8}we combine the dry color area, 65 00:01:45,038 --> 00:01:46,473 {\an8}edges extracted by the 66 00:01:46,473 --> 00:01:47,974 {\an8}Canny edge detector 67 00:01:47,974 --> 00:01:50,110 {\an8}and the user selected area. 68 00:01:50,844 --> 00:01:52,145 {\an8}We use an aerosol spray 69 00:01:52,145 --> 00:01:53,379 {\an8}to dampen the paper 70 00:01:53,413 --> 00:01:54,614 {\an8}following the same sequence 71 00:01:54,614 --> 00:01:56,116 {\an8}of sprayings and absorptions 72 00:01:56,116 --> 00:01:57,584 {\an8}for all of our results. 73 00:01:59,285 --> 00:02:01,321 {\an8}Next, we print the watercolors. 74 00:02:01,855 --> 00:02:02,822 {\an8}For the design of the 75 00:02:02,822 --> 00:02:03,923 {\an8}watercolor woodblocks 76 00:02:03,957 --> 00:02:05,725 {\an8}we expand every color of the 77 00:02:05,725 --> 00:02:06,893 {\an8}water color area 78 00:02:06,893 --> 00:02:08,661 {\an8}taking into account the 79 00:02:08,661 --> 00:02:10,864 {\an8}masking fluid area 80 00:02:10,864 --> 00:02:11,631 {\an8}and the details. 81 00:02:11,631 --> 00:02:12,899 {\an8}This step creates overlapping 82 00:02:12,899 --> 00:02:14,634 {\an8}blocks one for every color 83 00:02:14,634 --> 00:02:16,169 {\an8}which allows to design smooth 84 00:02:16,169 --> 00:02:17,737 {\an8}gradients between them. 85 00:02:17,770 --> 00:02:19,405 {\an8}To fabricate the shading blocks 86 00:02:19,405 --> 00:02:21,074 {\an8}we proposed a novel approach 87 00:02:21,074 --> 00:02:22,642 {\an8}that identifies and expands 88 00:02:22,642 --> 00:02:23,309 {\an8} local extrema 89 00:02:23,309 --> 00:02:24,310 {\an8}on an image. 90 00:02:24,911 --> 00:02:26,146 {\an8}Please look the paper 91 00:02:26,146 --> 00:02:27,147 {\an8}for details. 92 00:02:27,747 --> 00:02:29,249 {\an8}The local minima define 93 00:02:29,249 --> 00:02:30,250 {\an8}a woodblock with a 94 00:02:30,250 --> 00:02:31,251 {\an8}a darker shade of color. 95 00:02:32,285 --> 00:02:33,686 {\an8}While the local maxima are 96 00:02:33,686 --> 00:02:35,121 {\an8}areas that we subtract 97 00:02:35,121 --> 00:02:37,290 {\an8}from the watercolor woodblocks. 98 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:39,425 {\an8}The local minima and maxima 99 00:02:39,425 --> 00:02:40,426 {\an8}create the shading. 100 00:02:41,194 --> 00:02:42,595 {\an8}Finally we print the dry 101 00:02:42,595 --> 00:02:43,630 {\an8}colors and the details. 102 00:02:44,397 --> 00:02:45,632 {\an8}To design the drycolor 103 00:02:45,632 --> 00:02:47,000 {\an8}woodblocks, we intersect 104 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,302 {\an8}the “Color map” with the 105 00:02:49,302 --> 00:02:49,936 {\an8}dry color area. 106 00:02:49,936 --> 00:02:51,838 {\an8}To design the detail woodblocks 107 00:02:51,838 --> 00:02:53,473 {\an8}we extract finer minima 108 00:02:53,473 --> 00:02:55,408 {\an8}and combine them with edges 109 00:02:55,408 --> 00:02:56,409 {\an8}of the dry color area. 110 00:02:58,044 --> 00:02:59,646 The last spray facilitates 111 00:02:59,646 --> 00:03:00,980 the colors to diffuse. 112 00:03:03,149 --> 00:03:04,484 please look into the 113 00:03:04,484 --> 00:03:05,518 supplemental material 114 00:03:05,552 --> 00:03:07,387 for details our choices on 115 00:03:07,387 --> 00:03:09,189 the fabrication pipeline. 116 00:03:10,957 --> 00:03:12,091 Here you see prints 117 00:03:12,091 --> 00:03:13,226 with different colors 118 00:03:13,459 --> 00:03:14,961 or printed differently 119 00:03:15,495 --> 00:03:16,629 the interpretation of these 120 00:03:16,629 --> 00:03:18,264 results is up to the designers' 121 00:03:18,264 --> 00:03:19,232 aesthetics. 122 00:03:20,233 --> 00:03:21,534 We selected heterogeneous 123 00:03:21,534 --> 00:03:22,702 photographs to see if our 124 00:03:22,702 --> 00:03:24,237 pipeline generalizes well. 125 00:03:25,572 --> 00:03:26,873 A portrait highlights 126 00:03:26,873 --> 00:03:28,975 the shading on the 3D 127 00:03:28,975 --> 00:03:30,310 geometry of the face. 128 00:03:32,145 --> 00:03:33,346 The flower shows the smoothness 129 00:03:33,346 --> 00:03:35,315 of the color diffusion between 130 00:03:35,315 --> 00:03:36,783 two different colors. 131 00:03:37,350 --> 00:03:39,452 While the bird extends it 132 00:03:39,485 --> 00:03:41,221 to more than two. 133 00:03:41,221 --> 00:03:43,056 In contrast to previous results 134 00:03:43,056 --> 00:03:44,691 this image has more detailed 135 00:03:44,691 --> 00:03:45,391 texture 136 00:03:45,391 --> 00:03:46,693 on the dry color area.