Effect of an Encounter-Type Haptic Device on Forceps Position Reproducibility in Laparoscopic Tracking Training

Abstract

This paper describes an improvement to our previously proposed laparoscopic training system that was designed to improve surgical skill transmission by allowing surgical trainees to replicate the movements of skilled surgeons dis-played on a monitor. However, we found that with this system, the precision of followability in the depth direction was low in comparison with that on the monitor in the planar direction. Herein, to improve the reproducibility of the forceps position and present clues for depth perception, we provide learners with haptic feedback by reproducing the viscera wall using an encounter-type haptic presentation device.