Traditionally, Lagrangian fields such as finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) are precomputed on a discrete grid and are ray casted afterwards. This, however, introduces both grid discretization errors and sampling errors ...

Inertial particles are finite-sized objects traveling with a certain velocity that differs from the underlying carrying flow, i.e., they are mass-dependent and subject to inertia. Their backward integration is in practice ...